| 1. |
- Foessl, Ines, et al.
(författare)
-
Bone Phenotyping Approaches in Human, Mice and Zebrafish – Expert Overview of the EU Cost Action GEMSTONE (“GEnomics of MusculoSkeletal traits TranslatiOnal NEtwork”)
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Endocrinology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-2392. ; 12
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- A synoptic overview of scientific methods applied in bone and associated research fields across species has yet to be published. Experts from the EU Cost Action GEMSTONE (“GEnomics of MusculoSkeletal Traits translational Network”) Working Group 2 present an overview of the routine techniques as well as clinical and research approaches employed to characterize bone phenotypes in humans and selected animal models (mice and zebrafish) of health and disease. The goal is consolidation of knowledge and a map for future research. This expert paper provides a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art technologies to investigate bone properties in humans and animals – including their strengths and weaknesses. New research methodologies are outlined and future strategies are discussed to combine phenotypic with rapidly developing –omics data in order to advance musculoskeletal research and move towards “personalised medicine”.
|
|
| 2. |
- Hassler, John, et al.
(författare)
-
SNS Economic Policy Council Report 2020 : Swedish Policy for Global Climate
- 2020
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Climate policy is a complex area that requires input from many different perspectives. The sns Economic Policy Council 2020 comprises nine researchers from a range of disciplines, with different backgrounds and with varied opinions on the debate surrounding climate policy. They analyse Swedish climate policy in a global context, describing the causes and consequences of climate change and focusing on how policy can achieve the desired reductions in carbon emissions. The report also provides answers to questions that are frequently discussed in the Swedish debate, such as the effectiveness of climate aid and whether Sweden should generate a larger surplus of fossil-free electricity for export.
|
|
| 3. |
- Hassler, John, et al.
(författare)
-
Svensk politik för globalt klimat
- 2020
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Nio forskare från olika discipliner ingår i SNS Konjunkturråd 2020. Forskarna har bred bakgrund inom nationalekonomi, juridik, naturvetenskap och ingenjörsvetenskap. Tillsammans har de skrivit SNS Konjunkturrådsrapport 2020: Svensk politik för globalt klimat, där de fokuserar på hur politiken ska utformas för att bromsa och till slut stoppa klimatförändringarna. Några av deras viktigaste förslag och rekommendationer: Låt kolet stanna i marken. Det är kolet, inte konventionell olja, som är det centrala hotet mot klimatet. Om klimatförändringarna ska hejdas måste Kina bli av med sitt kolberoende. Indien och Afrika kan inte heller följa Kinas kolkraftsbaserade utvecklingsstrategi. Merparten av världens kolreserver måste stanna i marken.Inför globalt minimipris på koldioxidutsläpp och slopa fossilsubventioner. Det är två nödvändiga ingredienser i klimatpolitiken som måste diskuteras på FN:s nästa stora klimatkonferens COP26 i Glasgow.Gröna subventioner räcker inte för att minska utsläppen. Billig grön energi leder till ökad användning av sådan men inte automatiskt till att fossila bränslen utkonkurreras.Bidra till rätt global inriktning. Den svenska klimatpolitiken bör ha som överordnat mål att minska de globala utsläppen.Bidra finansiellt till andra länders omställning. Klokt och välavvägt klimatbistånd är både möjligt och önskvärt. Inom ramen för EU:s klimatpolitik finns fungerande sätt att finansera mindre rika medlemsländers utsläppsminskningar. Men eftersom även Sverige måste bli klimatneutralt bör ett ökat klimatbistånd inte minska de svenska klimatambitionerna.Klimatklubbar. Sverige bör driva frågan om att det ska vara tillåtet att införa klimattullar mot länder som inte har en acceptabel nivå på utsläppspriset. En modell är så kallade klimatklubbar där länder går ihop och sätter ett enhetligt utsläppspris. Import från länder som inte deltar i klubben beläggs med en tull.Fossilfri elexport kan ge betydande minskningar av utsläppen inom EU genom att pressa undan kolkraft där sådan fortfarande används.Finansiera insamling och lagring av koldioxid (CCS-teknik) med lagringspeng. Vi kan ta hand om koldioxid motsvarande hälften av Sveriges utsläpp till en kostnad motsvarande det som dras in till staten via koldioxidskatten. Det krävs dock en statlig finansiering som bör utformas som ett bidrag per ton insamlad och säkert lagrad koldioxid:– Motsvarande runt hälften av Sveriges koldioxidutsläpp kan tas bort om CCS-tekniken införs på de 27 industrianläggningar som släpper ut mest i Sverige. Detta är mer än utsläppen från hela den svenska vägtrafiken. Tekniken fungerar också i resten av världen och Sverige kan här bli ett föregångsland, säger John Hassler, ordförande i SNS Konjunkturråd 2020.
|
|
| 4. |
- Stalmokaitė, Ignė, et al.
(författare)
-
Dynamic capabilities and strategic reorientation towards decarbonisation in Baltic Sea shipping
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions. - : Elsevier. - 2210-4224 .- 2210-4232. ; 37, s. 187-202
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the challenges of decarbonisation faced by the shipping sector, this topic has rarely been addressed in sustainability transitions studies. This paper questions common views of established firms as agents resisting change and broadens discussions on the role of incumbents and strategic reorientation. Using the dynamic capabilities approach, we provide a deeper understanding of firms’ strategic reorientation over time. Qualitative content analysis is applied to data from interviews, companies’ reports and observations to address questions on how and why incumbent shipping firms in the Baltic Sea region reoriented towards decarbonisation in 2007−2018. We demonstrate that the engagement in decarbonisation has been a gradual process, characterised by a shift from reactive strategies to a mixed portfolio of integrated active and proactive innovation strategies. Although firms experiment with decarbonisation through alternative energy solutions, they simultaneously continue to devote considerable attention to less radical innovations such as increased energy efficiency.
|
|
| 5. |
- Stalmokaitė, Ignė
(författare)
-
New Tides in Shipping : Studying incumbent firms in maritime energy transitions
- 2021
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Shipping is a cornerstone of global transportation responsible for moving large volumes of traded goods. At the same time, negative environmental impacts of shipping operations have attracted growing concerns. Although recognised as the most energy-efficient mode of transportation compared to air and land-based transport, maritime transportation contributes significantly to air-borne emissions, alongside other types of pollutants. Hence, it is apparent that alternatives to highly polluting conventional marine fuels, i.e., crude oil or diesel, have to be found in shipping, just as in other sectors. Responding to calls for a greater attention to actors’ roles in transitions, as well as for broader sectoral coverage of empirical work in the field of sustainability transition studies, this doctoral thesis explores the role of incumbents (established shipping firms) in the early stages of maritime energy transitions. Focusing on incumbents is a relatively recent, yet rapidly evolving, stream of research in sustainability transitions studies, with increasing evidence showing heterogeneity and strategic variety in incumbent activities in various transition contexts. By drawing on a multi-level perspective from the socio-technical transition literature, the dynamic capabilities approach from the strategic management literature, and structuration theory, this thesis contributes new knowledge on “how” and “why” frontrunner incumbent shipping firms engage with maritime niche technologies and alternative energy solutions as well as what strategies they adopt to overcome increasing environmental sustainability pressures. These are the topics that have so far received scant attention in sustainability transitions studies. The thesis utilises a qualitative case study approach to study the selection of firms from passenger, vehicle carrier and container shipping business segments that are active in environmental work. The findings of this thesis indicate that the roles of shipping firms in the early stage of maritime energy transitions are diverse and more complex than often accounted for in sustainability transitions literature. It is demonstrated that due to increased regulatory, social and competitive pressures, firms’ activities with regards to engagement in maritime niche technologies and alternative energy have shifted from reactive to a mix of strategies where a portfolio of solutions are pursued at the same time across and within individual firms. While adoption of incremental end-of-pipe technologies reinforces dependence on the fossil fuel energy system, a parallel engagement and experimentation with alternative energy solutions indicates that incumbent firms can also adopt a central role in niche development activities.
|
|
| 6. |
- Stalmokaitė, Ignė, et al.
(författare)
-
Sustainability transformations – research in the Baltic and beyond
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Baltic Rim Economies review. - Turku. ; 5, s. 20-21
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Understanding and promoting sustainability is one of the key concerns across research, policy-making and everyday lifestyle choices. At the same time, there is growing acknowledgement that responding to sustainability challenges such as biodiversity loss, climate justice and decarbonisation, among others, is rife with differences about what sustainability transformation means and implies across different settings, including the Baltic. The multifaceted character of the sustainability conundrum highlights a range of interrelated questions. For example, what repercussions the promotion of local solutions may have for long-term sustainability paths at national, regional and global levels? How to value ethical, political, social and scientific views on which problems to prioritise and whose knowledge counts? In response, universities are increasingly partnering with stakeholders in solution-oriented sustainability research projects. We understand sustainability transformations as fundamental to how societal, institutional, and technological domains interact towards just, legitimate and enduring arrangements. This perspective provides opportunities to reflect on the complexities of societal change towards sustainability, including who should be involved in partnering for change, what constitutes positive change in particular contexts, how change could come about as well as who benefits and who loses. We relate to these questions with illustrations from research projects undertaken in the Baltic and beyond.
|
|
