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| 2. |
- Hassmén, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Intra-individual variability in state anxiety and self-confidence in elite golfers
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Sport Behavior. - : University of South Alabama. - 0162-7341. ; 27:3, s. 277-290
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precompetition anxiety levels are assumed to moderate athletic performance. Unfortunately, cross-sectional and nomothetic research designs have often shown non-significant findings; intra-individual variability may be a contributing factor. The extent of variability in precompetition anxiety and self-confidence responses as related to golf performance and trait measures were therefore examined using an idiographic approach. Individual patterns of variability were found for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety and Self-Confidence scores yielded prior to the games played. Variability in Somatic Anxiety was significantly related to variability in golf performance. Players low in anxiety variability scored significantly higher on Private Self-Consciousness. The findings suggest the influence of anxiety and self-confidence on performance may be better understood when trait characteristics of the individual are also considered.
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| 3. |
- Kenttä, Göran
(författare)
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Overtraining, staleness, and burnout in sports
- 2001
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Intense and frequently performed physical training can result in both adaptation and maladaptation often referred to as overtraining syndrome/ staleness or burnout depending on the severity of the condition. In Study I, a new conceptual model was presented generating a holistic understanding of both process and outcome; the concept of Total Quality Recovery was also developed.In Study II and III, the incidence rate and nature of staleness and its relationship with burnout across countries and sports were examined. In Study IV, the utility of right-now mood state responses was explored in order to monitor training and recovery in a naturalistic setting.Too much training (physiologically driven), high levels of psychosocial stress in combination with moderate training loads (psychosociologically driven), and an obvious lack of recovery actions undertaken (poor recovery driven) are major pathways accounting for the majority of stale and burnout athletes.Four core attributes of staleness were identified: performance decrement, mood disturbance, exhaustion, and perceptual distortion. Analogues with staleness, the first three attributes were also suggested as core dimensions of burnout, together with devaluation referring to negative attitudes toward sport and involvement in it. Frequent episodes, or long lasting periods of staleness, may place the athlete at risk of ultimately developing burnout. Self-monitoring of training and recovery is regarded as an important strategy that promotes self-awareness and self-control, which subsequently may enhance continuous adaptation and prevent maladaptive consequences.Promoting continued performance development and shortterm peak performance can best be conceptualized as a psychosociophysiological act of balance.
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| 4. |
- Kenttä, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Training practices and overtraining syndrome in Swedish age-group athletes.
- 2001
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Ingår i: International Journal of Sports Medicine. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0172-4622 .- 1439-3964. ; 22:6, s. 460-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heavy training in combination with inadequate recovery actions can result in the overtraining/staleness syndrome and burnout. Even young and aspiring elite athletes develop staleness. The aim was therefore to determine the incidence and nature of staleness, and its association with training behavior and psychosocial stressors in young elite athletes. A sample of 272 individuals from 16 sports completed questionnaires on training, staleness, and psychosocial stress and 37% reported being stale at least once. The incidence rate was higher for individual sports (48%) compared with team (30%) and less physically demanding sports (18%). Stale athletes reported greater perceptual changes and negatively elevated mood scores in comparison to healthy athletes. Staleness was distinguished from burnout on the basis of motivational consequences; 41 % of the athletes lost their motivation for training, which in turn indicates a state of burnout. Further, 35 % of the athletes reported low satisfaction with time spent on important relationships, 29% rated the relationship with their coach as ranging from very, very bad to only moderately good. The results indicate that staleness is a widespread problem among young athletes in a variety of sports, and is not solely related to physical training, but also to non-training stressors.
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| 5. |
- Koivula, Nathalie, et al.
(författare)
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Self-esteem and perfectionism in elite athletes : effects on competitive anxiety and self-confidence
- 2002
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Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 32:5, s. 865-875
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The setting of high standards is an integral part of elite sports, and often beneficial for the athlete's performance. However. individuals who are characterized by frequent cognitions about the attainment of ideal, perfectionistic standards, have been shown to be likely to experience heightened levels of anxiety. due to discrepancies between ideal and current self 1 situation. This could Of Course be detrimental to their sport performance. The aim Of the Study Was to investigate the relationship between different patterns of perfectionistic dimensions and sport-related competitive anxiety and self-confidence. for elite athletes with different self-esteem strategies. The results revealed that the relation between self-esteem and perfectionism differs depending on which dimensions of self-esteem and perfectionism that ire being considered. Athletes with a high self-esteem based on a respect and love for themselves had more positive patterns of perfectionism, whereas athletes who have a self-esteem that is dependent on competence aspects showed I more negative perfectionism. Further, negative patterns of perfectionism were in the present Study related to higher levels of cognitive anxiety and lower levels of self-confidence, Hence, it seems that sport related anxiety is positively associated to certain patterns of perfectionism. patterns that are more common in individuals with specific self-esteem strategies. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Lindwall, Magnus
(författare)
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Exercising the self : On the Role of Exercise, Gender and Culture in Physical Self-Perceptions
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In modern society, individuals constantly pass judgments on their own body and physical competence as well as that of other people. All too often, the verdict is less favourable. For the person, these physical self-perceptions (PSP) may negatively affect global self-esteem, identity, and general mental well being. The overall aim of this thesis is to examine primarily the role that exercise, but also the roles that gender and culture, play in the formation of PSP. In Study I, using confirmatory factor analyses, strong support for the validity of a first-order, and a second-order hierarchical and multidimensional model of the Physical Self-Perception Profile (PSPP: Fox & Corbin, 1989) was found across three national samples (Great Britain, Sweden and Turkey) of university students. Cross-cultural differences were detected, with the British sample demonstrating higher latent means on all PSPP subdomains except for the physical condition subdomain (Condition), than the Swedish and Turkish samples. In Study II, a higher self-reported exercise frequency was associated with more positive PSP (in particular for Condition) and more importance attributed to PSP in Swedish university students. Males demonstrated higher overall PSPP-scores than females. In Study III, a true-experimental design with randomisation into an intervention and a control group was adopted. Strong support for the effects of an empowerment-based exercise intervention programme on PSP and social physique anxiety (SPA) over six months for adolescent girls was found. The relations of exercise, gender and culture with PSP, SPA and self-esteem are discussed from the standpoints of a variety of theoretical models (the EXSEM-model), and frameworks (self-presentation and objectification theory). The two theories of self-enhancement and skill-development are examined with regard to the direction of the exercise-physical self relationship and motivation for exercise. Arguments for the relevance of exercise and PSP for practitioners in promoting general mental well-being and preventing modern-day diseases are outlined.
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| 7. |
- Lindwall, Magnus, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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The role of exercise and gender for physical self-perceptions and importance ratings in Swedish university students
- 2004
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - : Wiley. - 1600-0838 .- 0905-7188. ; 14:6, s. 373-380
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to investigate how scores on the Physical Self-Perception Profile (PSPP), including scores on the Perceived Importance Profile (PIP), were related to self-reported exercise frequency, duration, and gender in sample of Swedish university students. A total of 164 participants completed the PSPP, PIP, and a questionnaire focusing on frequency and duration of exercise. Exercise frequency, duration, and gender predicted best the PSPP sub-domains of Sport Competence and Physical Conditioning. Exercising more frequently, and for a longer time on each occasion was associated with higher PSPP and PIP scores. Women generally displayed lower PSPP scores than men. These results suggest that exercise professionals need to master a range of appropriate exercise strategies, since doubts concerning self-presentation may work against establishing a regular exercise routine.
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| 8. |
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| 10. |
- Raglin, John, et al.
(författare)
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Training Practices and Staleness in 13-18-Year-Old Swimmers : A Cross-cultural Study.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Pediatric Exercise Science. - 0899-8493 .- 1543-2920. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Compares staleness rates and training practices across countries based on adolescent swimmers from different nations. Range of staleness incidence for endurance athletes; Rate of mood disturbance among stale swimmers; Differences in the pattern of staleness symptoms.
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