| 1. |
- Abelson, Klas, et al.
(författare)
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High plasma corticosterone levels persist during frequent automatic blood sampling in rats
- 2005
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Ingår i: In Vivo. - 0258-851X .- 1791-7549. ; 19:5, s. 815-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Corticosterone levels in blood may be used as a marker of stress in rodents, provided that the blood sampling procedure itself is non-stressful. Automated blood sampling equipment (Accusampler®) allows blood sampling without any interference with the animal and might be useful as a tool for an on-line measurement of stress markers in blood. However, the impact of the blood sampling itself on the corticosterone levels in blood is unknown. The present study was designed to evaluate whether the frequency of blood sampling influences the plasma corticosterone levels in male and female rats. During anaesthesia, a catheter was placed in the jugular vein and attached to an Accusampler®. Blood samples (200 μl) were withdrawn with a high (24 samples) or low frequency (3 samples) during a six-hour period immediately after the catheter insertion. The corticosterone levels in the plasma were quantified with ELISA. The corticosterone levels persisted at high post-operation concentrations when blood was collected frequently, while the levels steadily declined significantly during low-frequency sampling. The corticosterone levels were higher in female than in male rats, but the curves were similar. The present study elucidates the importance of considering the frequency of blood withdrawal during automated blood sampling. This parameter may have an impact on the experimental results when using blood corticosterone levels as a stress marker, but also during any in vivo study where blood is collected, since high corticosterone levels may affect the normal physiology of the animals.
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| 2. |
- Abelson, Klas S. P., et al.
(författare)
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Distribution of [3H]-corticosterone in urine, feces and blood of male Sprague-Dawley rats after tail vein and jugular vein injections
- 2009
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Ingår i: In Vivo. - : International Institute of Anticancer Research. - 0258-851X .- 1791-7549. ; 23:3, s. 381-386
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study aimed to investigate the time-course and distribution of [(3)H]-corticosterone in urine, feces and blood of male Sprague-Dawley rats after intravenous administration of a low dose (1 microCi), and to investigate whether different intravenous routes of administration may affect the dynamics of excreted [(3)H]-corticosterone in the feces. One microCi [(3)H]-corticosterone was injected intravenously either through the tail vein in manually restrained rats or through a jugular vein catheter three days after surgical implantation. Urine and feces were collected at different time points over 78 h from the rats injected in the tail vein, and blood and feces were collected over 48 h from rats injected in the jugular vein. In the blood, radioactivity peaked immediately and decreased rapidly within 90 minutes. The radioactivity was excreted in urine within six h and in feces after at least 12 h. Sixty percent of the radioactivity was detected in the urine and 40% in feces during the study period of 78 h. The detected amount of radioactivity in feces was higher and displayed a more pronounced peak 12 h after injection when the substance was administered through a jugular vein catheter compared to tail vein injection. The data obtained in the present study may serve as an important benchmark when choosing time points for fecal collection for quantification of corticosterone or corticosterone metabolites as a non-invasive measure of preceding HPA-axis activation.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Carlsson, Hans-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Quantification of stress sensitive markers in single fecal samples do not accurately predict excretion of these in the pig
- 2007
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Ingår i: Research in Veterinary Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0034-5288 .- 1532-2661. ; 82:3, s. 423-428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- All feces produced during 24 h were collected from five pigs and cortisol and immunoreactive cortisol metabolites (CICM), and IgA were quantified. Within pigs, the concentrations of CICM and IgA varied extensively between random samples obtained from a single fecal dropping, and deviated in most cases significantly from the true concentration measured in total fecal output (CV 6.7-130%). The CICM and IgA contents varied considerably (CV 8.1-114%) within and between individual fecal droppings from the same pig compared to the total fecal excretion. In conclusion, single random samples could not be used to reliably quantify the total fecal concentration or excretion of CICM or IgA in pigs. Analyses of all feces collected during shorter periods than 24 h did not provide an accurate estimate of the daily excretion of CICM. Thus, the concentration of stress sensitive molecules in random single fecal samples as an indicator of animal welfare should be interpreted with prudence.
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| 5. |
- Carlsson, Hans-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Separation of pair housed roosters is associated with transient increased fecal corticosterone excretion
- 2009
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Ingår i: Research in Veterinary Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0034-5288 .- 1532-2661. ; 86:1, s. 183-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Immunoreactive corticosterone and corticosterone metabolites (ICCM) were quantified in excreta of permanently single housed (n=10) and permanently pair housed (n=20) roosters. The pair housed roosters were separated and single housed, and ICCM were quantified in the droppings before and during 15 days after separation. There was no statistically significant difference in ICCM excretion in the droppings between the permanently single or pair housed roosters. After separation, however, the previously pair housed roosters showed a significantly transient elevated excretion of ICCM in droppings the second day after separation indicating that the separation and relocation is associated with an activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The excretion of ICCM in droppings was not correlated to the concentration of ICCM in droppings. It is thus important that excretion of ICCM be expressed as amount excreted per time unit since the total excretion is dependant on both concentration of ICCM and amount of droppings produced.
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| 6. |
- Dahlin, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Body weight and faecal corticosterone metabolite excretion in male Sprague-Dawley rats following short transportation and transfer from group-housing to single-housing
- 2009
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Science. - 0901-3393. ; 36:2, s. 205-213
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Body weight and faecal excretion of corticosterone metabolites (CM) were recorded daily in 18 young male Sprague-Dawley rats from the day they arrived at the animal facility from the breeder. The animals were group-housed (n=3) and divided in two groups after 7 days. One group (n=9 animals in 3 cages) was moved to another room in the facility and the other group remained in the original holding room. After an additional 7 days the animals which had been moved were separated and single housed for an additional 7 days. The body weights developed normally in all rats during the three-week period. Faecal CM excretion appeared high immediately after the rats arrived from the breeder, and decreased to reach significantly lower levels 6 days after arrival. This was likely related to natural fluctuations in faecal CM output rather than substantial stress. None of the husbandry procedures performed during the study had any effect on faecal corticosterone metabolite secretion compared to control. The results suggest that neither transportation from the breeder, moving within the facility, nor being transferred from group housing to single housing are events stressful enough to be reflected by the parameters analysed in the present study. However, the faecal CM excretions clearly fluctuate over several days, which must be considered when using faecal samples for non-invasive stress assessment.
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| 7. |
- Farah, Idle O., et al.
(författare)
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Schistosome-induced pathology is exacerbated and Th2 polarization is enhanced during pregnancy
- 2007
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Ingår i: In Vivo. - 0258-851X .- 1791-7549. ; 21:4, s. 599-602
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the immunopathological impact of pregnancy on an ongoing experimental schistosomiasis infection. Materials and Methods: Female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into three groups (A, B and C) of 15 animals each. The mice in Groups A and B were infected with 40 S. mansoni cercariae, percutaneously. Six weeks post-infection, the mice in Groups B and C (schistosome-naive controls) were mated. Schistosome-induced morbidity and cytokine recall responses were subsequently evaluated at weeks 7 and 8 post-infection. Results: Hepatic and pulmonary lesions resulting from trapped schistosome eggs were more frequent and more severe in Group B mice than in Group A mice. Group C mice had suppressed mitogen-stimulated interleukin 4 (IL-4) but maintained high intereferon gamma (IFN-gamma) responses. In contrast, Group A mice had elevated mitogen- and parasite-specific IL-4 but muted IFN-gamma responses. Group B mice had an early (week 7) high IL-4 response, even higher than in group A mice. Conclusion: Taken together the data suggest that pregnancy exacerbates schistosome-induced morbidity, probably through upregulation of parasite-specific IL-4.
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| 8. |
- Fernström, Anna-Linnea, et al.
(författare)
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Stress in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) subjected to long-distance transport and simulated transport housing conditions
- 2008
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Ingår i: Stress. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1025-3890 .- 1607-8888. ; 11:6, s. 467-476
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The stress associated with transportation of non-human primates used in scientific research is an important but almost unexplored part of laboratory animal husbandry. The procedures and routines concerning transport are not only important for the animals' physical health but also for their mental health as well. The transport stress in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) was studied in two experiments. In Experiment 1, 25 adult female cynomolgus monkeys were divided into five groups of five animals each that received different diets during the transport phase of the experiment. All animals were transported in conventional single animal transport cages with no visual or tactile contact with conspecifics. The animals were transported by lorry for 24 h at ambient temperatures ranging between 20 degrees C and 35 degrees C. Urine produced before, during and after transport was collected and analysed for cortisol by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All monkeys exhibited a significant increase in cortisol excretion per time unit during the transport and on the first day following transport.Although anecdotal reports concerning diet during transport, including the provision of fruits and/or a tranquiliser, was thought likely to influence stress responses, these were not corrobated by the present study. In Experiment 2, behavioural data were collected from 18 cynomolgus macaques before and after transfer from group cages to either single or pair housing, and also before and after a simulated transport, in which the animals were housed in transport cages. The single housed monkeys were confined to single transport cages and the pair housed monkeys were kept in their pairs in double size cages. Both pair housed and singly housed monkeys showed clear behavioural signs of stress soon after their transfer out of their group cages.However, stress-associated behaviours were more prevalent in singly housed animals than in pair housed animals, and these behaviours persisted for a longer time after the simulated transport housing event than in the pair housed monkeys. Our data confirm that the transport of cynomolgus monkeys is stressful and suggest that it would be beneficial for the cynomolgus monkeys to be housed and transported in compatible pairs from the time they leave their group cages at the source country breeding facility until they arrive at their final laboratory destination in the country of use.
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| 9. |
- Goldkuhl, Renée, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of subcutaneous injection and oral voluntary ingestion of buprenorphine on post-operative serum corticosterone levels in male rats
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Surgical Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0014-312X .- 1421-9921. ; 41:3, s. 272-278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Adequate peri-operative analgesia may reduce post-operative stress response and improve recovery in laboratory animals. We have established a method involving repeated automated blood sampling, allowing quantification of serum corticosterone levels in rats for stress assessment without stress-inducing handling or restraint. In the present study, the effects of the commonly used route of buprenorphine administration (0.05 mg/kg injected subcutaneously) were compared with oral administration (0.4 mg/kg mixed with Nutella and orally administered by voluntary ingestion) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. METHODS: A catheter was placed in the jugular vein and attached to an Accusampler for automated blood sampling. During 96 h after surgery, blood was collected at specified time points. Pre- and post-operative body weights and water consumption were registered. RESULTS: Buprenorphine significantly suppressed levels of circulating corticosterone after the oral but not after the subcutaneous treatment. Both buprenorphine treatments had a positive impact on maintenance of body weight and water consumption, compared to the control group that received no buprenorphine. CONCLUSION: The present investigation suggests that oral voluntary ingestion ad libitum is an efficacious, convenient and non-invasive way of administering peri-operative buprenorphine to rats, as judged by corticosteroid response and effects on body weight and water consumption.
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| 10. |
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