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| 2. |
- Maillefert, J. F., et al.
(författare)
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Multi-language translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the OARSI/OMERACT measure of intermittent and constant osteoarthritis pain (ICOAP)
- 2009
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Ingår i: Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. - : Elsevier BV. - 1063-4584. ; 17:10, s. 1293-1296
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To conduct a multi-language translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Intermittent and Constant OsteoArthritis Pain (ICOAP) questionnaire for hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: The questionnaires were translated and cross-culturally adapted in parallel, using a common protocol, into the following languages: Czech, Dutch, French (France), German, Italian, Norwegian, Spanish (Castillan), North and Central American Spanish, Swedish. The process was conducted following five steps: (1) - independent translation into the target language by two or three persons; (2) - consensus meeting to obtain a single preliminary translated version; (3) - backward translation by an independent bilingual native English speaker, blinded to the English original version; (4) - final version produced by a multidisciplinary consensus committee; (5) - pre-testing of the final version with 10-20 target-language-native hip and knee OA patients. Results: The process could be followed and completed in all countries. Only slight differences were identified in the structure of the sentences between the original and the translated versions. A large majority of the patients felt that the questionnaire was easy to understand and complete. Only a few minor criticisms were expressed. Moreover, a majority of patients found the concepts of constant pain and pain that comes and goes to be of a great pertinence and were very happy with the distinction. Conclusion: The ICOAP questionnaire is now available for multi-center international studies. (c) 2009 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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- Malkoch, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Structurally diverse dendritic libraries : A highly efficient functionalization approach using Click chemistry
- 2005
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Ingår i: Macromolecules. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0024-9297 .- 1520-5835. ; 38:9, s. 3663-3678
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The high fidelity and efficiency of Click chemistry are exploited in the synthesis of a library of chain end functionalized dendritic macromolecules. In this example, the selectivity of the Cu-catalyzed [3 + 2 pi] cycloaddition reaction of azides with terminal acetylenes, coupled with mild reaction conditions, permits unprecedented functional group tolerance during the derivatization of dendrimeric and hyperbranched scaffolds. The resulting dendritic libraries are structurally diverse, encompassing a variety of backbones/surface functional groups, and are prepared in almost quantitative yields under very mild conditions. The robust and simple nature of this procedure, combined with its applicability to many aspects of polymer synthesis and materials chemistry, demonstrates an evolving synergy between advanced organic chemistry and functional materials.
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| 4. |
- Vestberg, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Role of architecture and molecular weight in the formation of tailor-made ultrathin multilayers using dendritic macromolecules and click chemistry
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Polymer Science Part A. - : Wiley. - 0887-624X .- 1099-0518. ; 45:14, s. 2835-2846
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The high efficiency and mild reaction conditions associated with the Cu(I) catalyzed cycloaddition of azides and alkynes were exploited for the covalent layer-by-layer synthesis of dendritic thin films on silicon wafers. The preparation of azide and alkyne-terminated dendrimers based on bisMPA was accomplished by a divergent strategy; combinations of these monodisperse building blocks from the 2nd to the 5th generation were used for construction of the thin films. The layer-by-layer self assembly process proceeds under ambient conditions and was monitored by ellipsometry, XPS, and ATR-IR, which showed extremely regular growth of the dendritic thin films. Film thickness could be accurately controlled by both the size/generation number of the dendrimers as well as the number of layers. In comparison with linear analogues, the growth of the dendritic films was significantly more controlled and defect-free with each layer being thinner than the corresponding films prepared from the isomeric linear polymers, demonstrating the well-defined, three-dimensional nature of the dendritic architecture.
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- Wu, Peng, et al.
(författare)
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Multivalent, bifunctional dendrimers prepared by click chemistry
- 2005
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Ingår i: Chemical Communications. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1359-7345 .- 1364-548X. ; :46, s. 5775-5777
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Unsymmetrical dendrimers, containing both mannose binding units and coumarin fluorescent units, have been prepared using click chemistry and shown to be highly efficient, dual-purpose recognition/detection agents for the inhibition of hemagglutination.
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