| 1. |
- Lind, Lars, et al.
(författare)
-
Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)
- 2021
-
Ingår i: eLife. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions.
|
|
| 2. |
- Cheng, Cheng, et al.
(författare)
-
Deep H i Mapping of Stephan's Quintet and Its Neighborhood
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - 0004-637X. ; 954:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We carried out deep mapping observations of the atomic hydrogen (H i) 21 cm line emission in a field centered on the famous galaxy group Stephan's Quintet (SQ), using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST) equipped with a 19-beam receiver. The final data cube reaches an H i column density sensitivity of 5σ = 2.1 × 1017 cm-2 per 20 km s-1 channel with an angular resolution of 4.′0. The discovery of a large diffuse feature of the H i emission in the outskirts of the intragroup medium of SQ was reported in a previous paper (Xu et al.). Here we present a new study of the total H i emission of SQ and the detection of several neighboring galaxies, exploiting the high sensitivity and the large sky coverage of the FAST observations. A total H i mass of M H I = 3.48 ± 0.35 × 1010 M ☉ is found for SQ, which is significantly higher than previous measurements in the literature. This indicates that, contrary to earlier claims, SQ is not H i deficient. The excessive H i gas is mainly found in the velocity ranges of 6200-6400 km s-1 and 6800-7000 km s-1, which were undetected in previous observations that are less sensitive than ours. Our results suggest that the "missing H i"in compact groups may be hidden in the low-density diffuse neutral gas instead of in the ionized gas.
|
|
| 3. |
- Ramdas, S., et al.
(författare)
-
A multi-layer functional genomic analysis to understand noncoding genetic variation in lipids
- 2022
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Human Genetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9297 .- 1537-6605. ; 109:8, s. 1366-1387
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A major challenge of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) is to translate phenotypic associations into biological insights. Here, we integrate a large GWAS on blood lipids involving 1.6 million individuals from five ancestries with a wide array of functional genomic datasets to discover regulatory mechanisms underlying lipid associations. We first prioritize lipid-associated genes with expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) colocalizations and then add chromatin interaction data to narrow the search for functional genes. Polygenic enrichment analysis across 697 annotations from a host of tissues and cell types confirms the central role of the liver in lipid levels and highlights the selective enrichment of adipose-specific chromatin marks in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. Overlapping transcription factor (TF) binding sites with lipid-associated loci identifies TFs relevant in lipid biology. In addition, we present an integrative framework to prioritize causal variants at GWAS loci, producing a comprehensive list of candidate causal genes and variants with multiple layers of functional evidence. We highlight two of the prioritized genes, CREBRF and RRBP1, which show convergent evidence across functional datasets supporting their roles in lipid biology.
|
|
| 4. |
- Tang, R., et al.
(författare)
-
Increasing terrestrial ecosystem carbon release in response to autumn cooling and warming
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Nature Climate Change. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1758-678X .- 1758-6798. ; 12, s. 380-385
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite overall warming, many regions in the Northern Hemisphere have been cooling in autumn. This cooling resulted in an increasing release of net CO2 2004-2018 as primary production decreased more than respiration in cooling and respiration increased more than production in warming areas. Part of the Northern Hemisphere has experienced widespread autumn cooling during the most recent decades despite overall warming, but how this contrasting temperature change has influenced the ecosystem carbon exchange remains unclear. Here, we show that autumn cooling has occurred over about half of the area north of 25 degrees N since 2004, producing a weak cooling trend over the period 2004-2018. Multiple lines of evidence suggest an increasing net CO2 release in autumn during 2004-2018. In cooling areas, the increasing autumn CO2 release is due to the larger decrease of gross primary productivity (GPP) growth than total ecosystem respiration (TER) growth suppressed by cooling. In the warming areas, TER increased more than GPP because the warming and wetting conditions are more favourable for TER growth than GPP increase. Despite the opposite temperature trends, there has been a systematic increase in ecosystem carbon release across the Northern Hemisphere middle and high latitudes.
|
|
| 5. |
- Zhang, X. S., et al.
(författare)
-
Maternal cecal microbiota transfer rescues early-life antibiotic-induced enhancement of type 1 diabetes in mice
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Cell Host & Microbe. - : Elsevier BV. - 1931-3128. ; 29:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Early-life antibiotic exposure perturbs the intestinal microbiota and accelerates type 1 diabetes (T1D) development in the NOD mouse model. Here, we found that maternal cecal m icrobiota transfer (CMT) to NOD mice after early-life antibiotic perturbation largely rescued the induced T1D enhancement. Restoration of the intestinal microbiome was significant and persistent, remediating the antibiotic-depleted diversity, relative abundance of particular taxa, and metabolic pathways. CMT also protected against perturbed metabolites and normalized innate and adaptive immune effectors. CMT restored major patterns of ileal microRNA and histone regulation of gene expression. Further experiments suggest a gut-microbiota-regulated T1D protection mechanism centered on Reg3 gamma, in an innate intestinal immune network involving CD44, TLR2, and Reg3 gamma. This regulation affects downstream immunological tone, which may lead to protection against tissue-specific T1D injury.
|
|
