| 1. |
- Aradhya, Siddartha, et al.
(författare)
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Pushing and Pulling : A population based approach to analysing the historical determinants of internal migration
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper contributes to the literature on internal migration by estimating parameters for push and pull factors by modelling the complete migration decision. Using data based on individuals linked between the complete Swedish censuses of 1880 and 1890, we consider both the push factors which determined whether an individual choose to leave their origin and the pulls factors which attracted migrants to specific destinations. The analysis includes both male and female migrants and takes into account the effect of individual, family, and location specific characteristics . Moreover, we consider all possible origins and destinations for internal migrants.
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| 2. |
- Aradhya, Siddartha, et al.
(författare)
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Region of Origin: Settlement Decisions of Turkish and Iranian Immigrants in Sweden, 1968-2001
- 2017
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Ingår i: Population Space and Place. - : Wiley. - 1544-8452 .- 1544-8444. ; 23:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper focuses on the residential resettlement decisions of a sample of immigrants from Iran and Turkey living in Sweden between 1968 and 2001. Using the Swedish Longitudinal Immigrant database, we are able to link unique pre- and post-migration data to understand whether region of origin is a better predictor of internal migration decisions than is country of origin, the more often used measure in existing research. More specifically, we test whether living in municipalities with a high number of individuals from the same country of origin is a similar phenomenon as a high number of individuals from the same region of origin. This is relevant, as large immigrant groups come from ethnically, religiously, and linguistically heterogeneous countries of origin where regional characteristics differ according to aforementioned aspects from that of the mainstream population. We indeed find that individuals are less likely to relocate from municipalities in which there is a large presence of other immigrants from the same region of origin. Instead, individuals residing in areas with a large number of individuals from their country of origin are observed with an elevated probability of resettlement. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Hedefalk, Finn, et al.
(författare)
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Importance of the Geocoding Level for Historical Demographic Analyses : A Case Study of Rural Parishes in Sweden, 1850–1914
- 2018
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Ingår i: Spatial Demography. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2164-7070 .- 2364-2289. ; 6:1, s. 35-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Geocoding longitudinal and individual-level historical demographic databases enables novel analyses of how micro-level geographic factors affected demographic outcomes over long periods. However, such detailed geocoding involves high costs. Additionally, the high spatial resolution cannot be properly utilized if inappropriate methods are used to quantify the geographic factors. We assess how different geocoding levels and methods used to define geographic variables affects the outcome of detailed spatial and historical demographic analyses. Using a longitudinal and individual-level demographic database geocoded at the property unit level, we analyse the effects of population density and proximity to wetlands on all-cause mortality for individuals who lived in five Swedish parishes, 1850–1914. We compare the results from analyses on three detailed geocoding levels using two common quantification methods for each geographic variable. Together with the method selected for quantifying the geographic factors, even small differences in positional accuracy (20–50 m) between the property units and slightly coarser geographic levels heavily affected the results of the demographic analyses. The results also show the importance of accounting for geographic changes over time. Finally, proximity to wetlands and population density affected the mortality of women and children, respectively. However, all possible determinants of mortality were not evaluated in the analyses. In conclusion, for rural historical areas, geocoding to property units is likely necessary for fine-scale analyses at distances within a few hundred metres. We must also carefully consider the quantification methods that are the most logical for the geographic context and the type of analyses.
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| 6. |
- Hedefalk, Finn
(författare)
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Life paths through space and time: Adding the micro-level geographic context to longitudinal historical demographic research
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Historical demographic research is central to understanding past human behaviours and traits, such as fertility, mortality and migration. An essential part of historical demography is conducting longitudinal analyses at the micro-level, which involves the detailed follow-up of individuals over long time periods throughout their lives. By including the geographic context in such analyses, we can study how the environment has affected human living conditions over long time periods. However, the use of micro-level geographic factors in historical longitudinal analyses is seldom feasible because of the absence of data. Thus, studies have been primarily limited to examining the geographic context on an aggregated level.In five papers, this thesis contributes to historical demographic research by adding and utilising micro-level geographic factors in longitudinal historical analyses. First, we develop and implement methods for creating detailed longitudinal geographic data that are integrated with longitudinal demographic micro-level data. We then perform novel studies of the effect of the environment on demographic outcomes at the micro-level.Papers I-III include micro-level geographic factors with longitudinal historical analyses. Paper I contributes to the standardisation of longitudinal demographic data by geographically extending the Intermediate Data Model (IDS) using standardised exchange formats. Paper II presents methods for geocoding longitudinal demographic databases. The core part of the process is to transform geographic objects as snapshots (digitised from historical maps) into longitudinal object-lifeline time representations (with information about the creation, changes and ends of each object). Individuals are subsequently linked to these geographic objects. We geocoded the Scanian Economic Demographic Database (SEDD) from 1813 to 1914. Approximately 53,000 individuals who lived in five rural parishes in southern Sweden are linked to the property units where they lived. Geographic snapshot data (e.g., roads and buildings) are also created. Paper III improves and evaluates the geocoded database, and wetlands in object-lifelines are added.Paper IV investigates how longitudinal demographic analyses are affected by different geocoding levels and presents methods for quantifying geographic factors. In a novel case study, we use a geocoded database to analyse the effect of population density and proximity to wetlands on the risk of dying for the period 1850-1914. We show that even small differences between the property units and coarser geographic levels and the choice of method for quantifying the geographic factors substantially affected the results of the demographic analyses. Therefore, geocoding to property units is likely needed for fine-scale analyses at distances within a few hundred metres. In addition, proximity to wetlands affected the mortality of women, which may indicate exposure to malaria-transmitting mosquitoes.Paper V focuses on the role of nutrition in historical societies by analysing the effect of soil type on child mortality in the five parishes between 1850 and 1914. Certain soil types seem to have influenced agricultural productivity, which in turn affected the nutrition of farmers’ children and their risk of dying. This study adds new findings about the importance of nutrition and agricultural productivity regarding child mortality in preindustrial Sweden.To conclude, this thesis enables the novel inclusion of geographic micro-level factors into historical longitudinal studies. The results increase our understanding about how the micro-level geographic context affected individual living conditions throughout history. The geocoding of the demographic database has also proved to be a unique and important resource for historical and geographic research and a starting point for additional research that includes the micro-level geographic context.
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| 7. |
- Hedefalk, Finn, et al.
(författare)
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Methods to Create a Longitudinal Integrated Demographic and Geographic Database on the Micro-Level: A Case Study of Five Swedish Rural Parishes, 1813–1914
- 2015
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Ingår i: Historical Methods. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0161-5440. ; 48:3, s. 153-173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The authors develop a methodology to create databases that can be used to add micro-level geographic context to longitudinal historical demographic analyses. The method transforms geographic objects as snapshots (digitized from historical maps) into temporal representations of longitudinal object lifelines and links individuals to these geographic objects. The methodology is evaluated via a case study using historical data from the Scanian Economic Demographic Database. The authors link approximately 53,000 individuals in five parishes for the period 1813–1914 to the property units in which they had lived. The results of this study are a unique contribution in terms of linking individuals to micro level longitudinal geographic data over such long periods. Thus, these data may provide new knowledge for historical demographic research.
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| 8. |
- Hedefalk, Finn, et al.
(författare)
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Spatiotemporal historical datasets at micro-level for geocoded individuals in five Swedish parishes, 1813–1914
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2052-4463. ; 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents datasets that enable historical longitudinal studies of micro-level geographic factors in a rural setting. These types of datasets are new, as historical demography studies have generally failed to properly include the micro-level geographic factors. Our datasets describe the geography over five Swedish rural parishes, and by linking them to a longitudinal demographic database, we obtain a geocoded population (at the property unit level) for this area for the period 1813–1914. The population is a subset of the Scanian Economic Demographic Database (SEDD). The geographic information includes the following feature types: property units, wetlands, buildings, roads and railroads. The property units and wetlands are stored in object-lifeline time representations (information about creation, changes and ends of objects are recorded in time), whereas the other feature types are stored as snapshots in time. Thus, the datasets present one of the first opportunities to study historical spatio-temporal patterns at the micro-level.
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| 9. |
- Hedefalk, Finn, et al.
(författare)
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Spatiotemporal historical datasets on micro-level for geocoded individuals in five Swedish parishes, 1813-1914
- 2016
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The datasets presented here enable historical longitudinal studies of micro-level geographic factors in a rural setting. These types of datasets are new, as historical demography studies have generally failed to properly include the micro-level geographic factors. Our datasets describe the geography over five Swedish rural parishes and a geocoded population (at the property unit level) for this area for the time period 1813-1914. The population is a subset of the Scanian Economic Demographic Database (SEDD). The geographic information includes the following feature types: property units, wetlands, buildings, roads and railroads. The property units and wetlands are stored in object-lifeline time representations (information about creation, changes and ends of objects are recorded in time), whereas the other feature types are stored as snapshots in time. Thus, the datasets present one of the first opportunities to study historical spatio-temporal patterns at the micro-level. (2016-09-25)
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| 10. |
- Hedefalk, Finn, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of micro-level soil factors on mortality in southern Sweden, 1850-1914
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We analyse the effects of soil type on mortality of children aged 2-15 living in five rural parishes in Sweden between 1850 and 1914. We use micro-level longitudinal demographic data combined with micro-level longitudinal geographic data. Here, the individuals in the parishes are linked to the property units they lived in. We find that, compared to those living in property units covered by 80-100% clayey till, living in areas covered by 50-80% clayey till increased the mortality risk by 44% for the period 1850-1879, and for the period 1880-1914, living in areas covered by 80-100% clay-till/lay increased the mortality risk by 150%. However, only children aged 7-15 were affected in the latter period. Hence, certain soil types affected the mortality of children between 1850 and 1879, but only older children between 1880 and 1914. The changes in the effect of the soil type groups between the two time periods indicate that, possibly, market and technological changes affected the suitability of certain soil types for agriculture. A possible explanation to the mortality differences among the soil types is that they affected the output produced at each farm which, in turn, affected the nutritional status of the children and hence their mortality.
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