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- Hedin, Astrid
(författare)
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Communist state administrative structures
- 2021
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Ingår i: Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics. - Oxford, UK : Oxford University Press. - 9780190228637 ; , s. 1-31
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents some core structural–organizational principles of communist state administration and gives empirical examples of how they were — and are — expressed in practice. The administrative structures and institutional traditions of communist regimes constitute a family or type, where affnities to the original Soviet model are strong.The administrative doctrines of unity of power, socialist legality, cadre management, and the so-called nomenclature model of administrative control were developed by the former Soviet Union, where the nomenclature system was instituted in 1922. With Soviet military and ideological expansion, the Soviet model then spread across the globe.At its high point in the late 1980s, almost 30 Marxist-Leninist regimes existed on four of Earth’s five continents: Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, and Central America. After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, almost all of the states formerly occupied or mentored by it transitioned from communism. In the 21st century, five countries still count as largely communist in their administrative structure: China, Vietnam, Laos, Cuba, and North Korea.
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- Hedin, Astrid
(författare)
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Global nyinstitutionalism
- 2022. - 1
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Ingår i: Perspektiv på offentlig förvaltning. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144153247 ; , s. 57-77
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Detta kapitel beskriver två besläktade nyinstitutionella inriktningar: den normativa nyinstitutionalismen (March & Olsen 1984) och den globala nyinstitutionalismen (Meyer m.fl. 1997). Båda är varianter av sociologisk nyinstitutionalism och utgår från att individer och organisationer formas (socialiseras) av sin omgivning: individer av den organisation de arbetar inom, och organisationer av andra organisationer, som de jämför sig med.
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- Hedin, Astrid
(författare)
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Lagging Impact : New Research on Communism Needs to Reach Textbooks
- 2021
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Communist regimes are very secretive concerning how their states are organized. This goes for the historical Soviet Union as well as contemporary China. In effect, until the fall of East European communism in 1989-91, researchers faced great problems figuring out the facts. How was communism organized? Few people knew, and those who knew wouldn’t tell. Today, three decades’ worth of archives-based research is slowly accumulating into a new map of the communist state. However, this development is happening within native-language historical research. Meanwhile, the political science agenda remains largely unreformed. At a time when students need to better understand China, Russia, and the quagmires of post-communist reforms, much new knowledge about historical communist regimes sits unused, says Astrid Hedin.In effect, political science curricula need an upgrade. Textbooks on comparative politics tend to fall back on one of three outmoded lines of analysis, all of which are misleading. They reduce differences between communist regimes and liberal democracies to single aspects, such as the organization of the economy. They fail to teach students about the distinctive administrative doctrines and practices of Soviet-type states. And they compare post-communist countries not with their own history, but with an envisioned future as liberal democracies. In effect, scholarly inquiry gets stuck in a loop of ‘traveling problems’ and ‘conceptual stretching’ (Sartori 1970, 1991).
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- Hedin, Astrid
(författare)
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Re-assessing the Soviet Impact on Western Welfare States
- 2022
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Ingår i: EuropeNow. - New York, NY : Council for European Studies. ; :49
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Forskningsöversikt (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The idea that Western Europe has the Soviet threat to thank for our social policies is a long-standing presumption amongst leftist historians and remains a strategic narrative in the foreign policy of post-Soviet Russia today (cf. Gorenburg 2019). Until a decade ago, mainstream research on the history of the European social model hesitated to address this hypothesis (Obinger & Schmidt 2011). Rather than refute it, most research ignored it. Still, the narrative that the historic Soviet Union was an engine behind global welfare state development lived on – and may be experiencing a revival (cf. Rasmussen and Bergli 2019).Why then, have scholars waited to address this possibility? Perhaps they worry that dignifying the claim with scientific attention would support Soviet-era propaganda and undermine the legitimacy of the democratic welfare state. This piece is based on the reverse premise: Instead of ignoring it, we should follow the call of British historian E.H. Carr and study the historical Soviet impact on the West. Propaganda is most effective when it is based on a kernel of truth. To counter it, we should examine that kernel and de-construct the narratives surrounding it. In effect, leftist narratives of how the Soviet impact happened should be analyzed as part of history itself.
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- Håkansson, Calle, 1994-
(författare)
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The New Role of the European Commission in the EU’s Security and Defence Architecture : entrepreneurship, crisis and integration
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In recent years, the European Union (EU) has strengthened its foreign, security and defence policy in a remarkable way. Several new supranational security and defence initiatives have been launched and implemented, which have given the European Commission a new and central role in European security and defence policy. These swift developments are puzzling, since foreign policy and security and defence policy have long been understood as the ‘last bastions of sovereignty’ for EU member states and have thus been regarded as the least-likely cases for supranational integration. This thesis shows how the Commission has been the central driver behind these changes; it does so by conducting three focused case studies/articles to explore and explain the evolution of a new and enhanced role for the European Commission in EU security and defence cooperation during the period 2014–2023. By researching the establishment of the European Defence Fund, the EU Military Mobility project and the new policies and initiatives developed after Russia’s full-scale war of aggression against Ukraine in 2022, this dissertation analyses new competences for the European Commission within EU security and defence policy. This dissertation conceptually and analytically builds on diverse strands of integration literature, drawing on neofunctionalism, the Commission’s policy entrepreneurship and agenda setting, and crisis pressure to retrace in detail these three important empirical processes. The main contribution of this dissertation is to show how the European Commission’s initiatives and strategies have been indispensable in the strengthening of EU integration within security and defence.This thesis consists of an introduction outlining the overall research agenda and three stand-alone articles: Håkansson, C. 2021. The European Commission’s new role in EU security and defence cooperation: The case of the European Defence Fund, European Security, Vol. 30:4, 589-608.Håkansson, C. 2023a. The strengthened role of the European Union in defence: The case of the Military Mobility project, Defence Studies, Vol. 23:3, 436–456. Håkansson, C. 2023b. The Ukraine war and the emergence of the European commission as a geopolitical actor, Journal of European Integration, 1-21.
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