| 1. |
- Helander, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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An instrumented vehicle for studies of driver behavior
- 1976
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Ingår i: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - : Elsevier BV. - 0001-4575 .- 1879-2057. ; 8:4, s. 271-277
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Describes an instrumented car that enables sensing and real-time recording of a driver's physiological characteristics (GSR, heart rate, and muscle activity), his steering and braking, vehicle response (speed, distance travelled, and triaxial accelerations), and traffic events as coded by an observer in the car. Illustrative data are presented for the average responses of 60 drivers on a test road 6 km long.
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| 2. |
- Helander, Martin
(författare)
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Drivers' Steering Behavior during Traffic Events: A Case of Perceptual Tropism?
- 1978
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Ingår i: Human Factors. - : SAGE Publications. - 0018-7208 .- 1547-8181. ; 20:6, s. 681-690
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seventy-five drivers participated in test runs, driving a total of 1500 km. Mean value and 1 standard deviation of steering wheel angle were plotted for several traffic events from 10 s before the event until 10 s after. Two seconds before meeting an oncoming car, there was a 1° shift in steering wheel angle to the left, thereby moving toward the oncoming car. The peak value was obtained at the instant when the oncoming car passed. The original steering wheel position was regained 2 s after the meeting. The behavior was more pronounced on narrow roads than on wide roads, and it was unaffected by driving experience. The behavior is explained by the perceptual significance of the oncoming car and, in analogy with tropistic behavior noted in lower organisms, the phenomenon is called perceptual tropism. The findings introduce a new dimension to analyses of steering behavior. More important, the obtained results suggest that there are interactions between visual and motor behavior.
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| 3. |
- Helander, Martin
(författare)
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Vehicle control and driving experience : a psychophysiological approach
- 1976
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Ingår i: Proceedings / 6th Congress of the International Ergonomics Association. - Santa Monica, Calif. : Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. ; , s. 335-339
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An instrumented vehicle was used for real-time recording of drivers physiological characteristics (galvanic skin responses, heart rate and muscle activity), steering and braking behavior and vehicle response (speed, distance travelled and triaxial accelerations). Using multiple regression techniques it is shown that for the inexperienced group, road-traffic situations involving the use of the brake explain most of the variance in the physiological measures. Similarly, the steering response was the most important variable for the experienced group. Control skills develop rapidly whereas the discrepancies in physiological responses indicate the relatively slow development of skills necessary for collecting the relevant information
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