| 1. |
- Helte, Emilie, et al.
(författare)
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Disinfection by-products in drinking water and risk of colorectal cancer : a population-based cohort study.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignancy worldwide, and it is strongly linked to lifestyle and environmental risk factors. While several drinking water disinfection by-products are confirmed rodent carcinogens, there is still inconclusive evidence for human carcinogenicity, including colorectal cancer.METHODS: We assessed the association of long-term exposure to Trihalomethanes (THMs, the most prevalent disinfection by-products in chlorinated drinking water) with incidence of colorectal cancer in 58,672 men and women in two population-based cohorts. Exposure was assessed by combining long-term information of residential history with drinking water monitoring data. Participants were categorized according to no exposure, low exposure (<15µg/L) and high exposure (≥15µg/L). Incident cases of colorectal cancer were ascertained using the Swedish National Cancer Register.RESULTS: During an average follow-up of 16.8 years (988,144 person-years), 1,913 cases of colorectal cancer were ascertained (1,176 and 746 men and women, respectively). High drinking water THM concentrations (≥15 µg/L) was associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer in men (hazard ratio, HR: 1.26, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.05 to 1.51) compared to no exposure. When assessing subsites, the association was significant for proximal colon cancer (HR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.11 to 2.27) but not distal colon cancer or rectal cancer. In women, we observed overall no association of THMs with colorectal cancer.CONCLUSION: These results add further support to that disinfection by-products in drinking water may be a possible risk factor for proximal colon cancer in men. This observation was made at THM concentrations lower than in most previous studies.
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| 2. |
- Roswall, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term exposure to traffic noise and risk of incident colon cancer : A pooled study of eleven Nordic cohorts
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-9351 .- 1096-0953. ; 224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundColon cancer incidence is rising globally, and factors pertaining to urbanization have been proposed involved in this development. Traffic noise may increase colon cancer risk by causing sleep disturbance and stress, thereby inducing known colon cancer risk-factors, e.g. obesity, diabetes, physical inactivity, and alcohol consumption, but few studies have examined this.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to investigate the association between traffic noise and colon cancer (all, proximal, distal) in a pooled population of 11 Nordic cohorts, totaling 155,203 persons.MethodsWe identified residential address history and estimated road, railway, and aircraft noise, as well as air pollution, for all addresses, using similar exposure models across cohorts. Colon cancer cases were identified through national registries. We analyzed data using Cox Proportional Hazards Models, adjusting main models for harmonized sociodemographic and lifestyle data.ResultsDuring follow-up (median 18.8 years), 2757 colon cancer cases developed. We found a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.05 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.99–1.10) per 10-dB higher 5-year mean time-weighted road traffic noise. In sub-type analyses, the association seemed confined to distal colon cancer: HR 1.06 (95% CI: 0.98–1.14). Railway and aircraft noise was not associated with colon cancer, albeit there was some indication in sub-type analyses that railway noise may also be associated with distal colon cancer. In interaction-analyses, the association between road traffic noise and colon cancer was strongest among obese persons and those with high NO2-exposure.DiscussionA prominent study strength is the large population with harmonized data across eleven cohorts, and the complete address-history during follow-up. However, each cohort estimated noise independently, and only at the most exposed façade, which may introduce exposure misclassification. Despite this, the results of this pooled study suggest that traffic noise may be a risk factor for colon cancer, especially of distal origin.
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| 3. |
- Thacher, Jesse D., et al.
(författare)
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Exposure to long-term source-specific transportation noise and incident breast cancer : A pooled study of eight Nordic cohorts
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Environmental noise is an important environmental exposure that can affect health. An association between transportation noise and breast cancer incidence has been suggested, although current evidence is limited. We investigated the pooled association between long-term exposure to transportation noise and breast cancer incidence.Methods: Pooled data from eight Nordic cohorts provided a study population of 111,492 women. Road, railway, and aircraft noise were modelled at residential addresses. Breast cancer incidence (all, estrogen receptor (ER) positive, and ER negative) was derived from cancer registries. Hazard ratios (HR) were estimated using Cox Proportional Hazards Models, adjusting main models for sociodemographic and lifestyle variables together with long-term exposure to air pollution.Results: A total of 93,859 women were included in the analyses, of whom 5,875 developed breast cancer. The median (5th–95th percentile) 5-year residential road traffic noise was 54.8 (40.0–67.8) dB Lden, and among those exposed, the median railway noise was 51.0 (41.2–65.8) dB Lden. We observed a pooled HR for breast cancer (95 % confidence interval (CI)) of 1.03 (0.99–1.06) per 10 dB increase in 5-year mean exposure to road traffic noise, and 1.03 (95 % CI: 0.96–1.11) for railway noise, after adjustment for lifestyle and sociodemographic covariates. HRs remained unchanged in analyses with further adjustment for PM2.5 and attenuated when adjusted for NO2 (HRs from 1.02 to 1.01), in analyses using the same sample. For aircraft noise, no association was observed. The associations did not vary by ER status for any noise source. In analyses using <60 dB as a cutoff, we found HRs of 1.08 (0.99–1.18) for road traffic and 1.19 (0.95–1.49) for railway noise.Conclusions: We found weak associations between road and railway noise and breast cancer risk. More high-quality prospective studies are needed, particularly among those exposed to railway and aircraft noise before conclusions regarding noise as a risk factor for breast cancer can be made.
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