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- Hemdal, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of the European and Nordic protocols on dosimetry in mammography involving a standard phantom
- 2000
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Ingår i: Radiation Protection Dosimetry. - 1742-3406. ; 90:1, s. 149-154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this work was to implement the European Protocol on Dosimetry in Mammography in Sweden. The standard average glandular dose, AGD, was measured on 32 mammography units in southern Sweden, according to the European protocol as well as to the Nordic protocol. The most important difference is that the European protocol evaluates the half value layer, HVL, of the X ray beam with the compression paddle present, while it is absent in the Nordic protocol. This results in considerably higher HVL values from the European protocol and thus to higher conversion factors for the calculation of the standard AGD. When the European protocol is used instead of the Nordic protocol the standard AGD is increased by 5 ± 2% (total variation 0-9%) at clinical settings and by 9 ± 3% (4-17%) at a standardised net optical density of 1.00. These results should be considered in quality control programmes and optimisation procedures as well as in interpretation of trends and in future legislation programmes.
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- Rääf, Christopher, et al.
(författare)
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Body burden and excretion of 137-Cs and 40K in subjects from the south of Sweden
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. - 1879-1700. ; 47:1, s. 83-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The equivalent biological half-times, Te, of 137Cs and 40K in a South-Swedish urban population have been determined through whole-body measurements and urinary excretion analysis. The Te - values for 137Cs found in males were on average, significantly lower than what is given in the literature. The relatively low average whole-body content of 40K,QK, in the males could explain the discrepancy, taking into consideration that a positive correlation between the Te and QK has been suggested in an earlier work. Furthermore, the potassium-normalized caesium urinary excretion was determined for the subjects in the study, and values were found to be in accordance with earlier results. A literature study of previous experimental data on the potassium-normalized caesium excretion however raises some questions about its applicability as a method for estimating the whole-body burden of 137Cs through urine analysis.
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- Rääf, Christopher, et al.
(författare)
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Ecological half-time of radiocesium from Chernobyl debris and from nuclear weapons fallout as measured in a group of subjects from the south of Sweden
- 2001
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Ingår i: Health Physics. - 1538-5159. ; 81:4, s. 366-377
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From 1960 to 1980 and between 1987 and 1994 the whole-body content of 17Cs, and when possible also 134Cs, was measured in a group of subjects living in the city of Lund, Sweden (55.7 degrees N, 13.2 degrees E). The results have been analyzed to estimate the effective ecological half-time of fallout radiocesium in humans living in the area. The Lund area (The Province of Skane) was subjected to a deposition of about 2 kBq m(-2) of pre-Chernobyl 137Cs from nuclear weapons testing and 1 kBq m(-2) of 137Cs from Chernobyl fallout in May 1986. The radiocesium from the nuclear weapons tests in the 1950's and 1960's still gave a significant contribution to the total 137Cs levels in humans in the post-Chernobyl study period (1987-1994) of about 0.4 Bq per kg body weight, which was about 10% of the peak post-Chernobyl concentration level of 137Cs (3.5-4 Bq kg(-1)) in 1987. The effective ecological half-time for 137Cs from Chernobyl was found to be 1.8 +/- 0.2 y. The aggregate transfer factor from deposition to mean activity concentration in man was estimated to be 3.6 Bq kg(-1)/kBq m(-2). These values may be compared with an effective ecological half-time of 1.3 y found in the reference group in the 1960's, and an aggregate transfer factor of 10 Bq kg(-1)/kBq m(-2). This difference is largely explained by the continuous nature of the global fallout leading to contamination on growing crops whereas the Chernobyl fallout occurred just prior to the South Swedish growing season, leading to less efficient transfer to crops and to human diet. The average committed individual effective dose (50 y) from ingested 137Cs from the Chernobyl fallout was estimated to be 0.02 mSv and from the nuclear weapons fallout (1945-1995) to be 0.20 mSv.
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