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- Henningsson, Asa M, et al.
(författare)
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Combinations of indigestible carbohydrates affect short-chain fatty acid formation in the hindgut of rats
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3166. ; 132:10, s. 104-3098
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fermentability and pattern of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) formed in the hindgut of rats given various combinations of dietary fibers (DF) and resistant starch (RS) were investigated. Highly fermentable indigestible carbohydrates, i.e., guar gum (GG), pectin (Pec) and high amylose cornstarch (HAS), and a DF with a relatively high resistance to fermentation, i.e., wheat bran (WB), were included. The substrates were studied individually or as mixtures (GG + Pec, GG + WB and HAS + WB, 1:1, wt/wt indigestible carbohydrate basis) at a total concentration of 100 g indigestible carbohydrates/kg diet and fed to rats for 13 d. Rats fed Pec had a high proportion of acetic acid in the cecum (76 +/- 2% of total SCFA), whereas those fed GG had the highest proportion of propionic acid (31 +/- 4%, P <0.0005). Rats fed GG and Pec had low proportions of butyric acid (6 +/- 1 and 10 +/- 1%, respectively), whereas those fed both had a higher proportion of butyric acid (15 +/- 3%, P < 0.05). Consequently, the cecal butyric acid pool was twice as high in rats fed the GG + Pec mixture (44 +/- 9 micro mol) as in those fed the individual components (19 +/- 2 and 21 +/- 3 micro mol, respectively, P < 0.05). Rats fed HAS with WB had a greater fecal excretion of SCFA (184 +/- 19 micro mol/d) than those fed the individual components (77 +/- 10 and 116 +/- 12 micro mol/d in rats fed HAS and WB, respectively P < 0.05), suggesting that incorporation of WB delayed the site of fermentation of HAS to the distal part of the hindgut. In conclusion, the combination of indigestible carbohydrates may affect both SCFA patterns and the site of SCFA release in the rat hindgut.
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- Hutters, B, et al.
(författare)
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Speech outcome following treatment in cross-linguistic cleft palate studies: methodological implications
- 2004
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Ingår i: The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association. - : SAGE Publications. - 1055-6656. ; 41:5, s. 544-549
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In cross-linguistic studies of cleft palate speech outcome following treatment, treatment is the independent variable, speech outcome is the dependent variable, and the speakers’ language background is a background variable, like sex, age, and cleft type, which must be eliminated. This article focuses on language as a background variable and how it should be treated. The methodological problems are illustrated through a presentation of two cross-linguistic speech outcome studies. Conclusion When speakers of different language background are included in cleft palate studies of speech outcome following treatment, speech outcome data should be based on speech units that are phonetically identical across languages. This affects the make-up of the speech material used in the study. In practice, the requirement of phonetically identical speech units may not be totally met, and detailed information regarding the interaction between the cleft condition and speech sound production is still required to fully understand how the validity of data is affected if this requirement is not met.
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