| 1. |
- Gomes, João, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the impact of stagnation temperatures in different prototypes of low concentration PVT solar panels
- 2015
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Ingår i: ISES Solar World Congress 2015, Conference Proceedings. - Freiburg, Germany : International Solar Energy Society. - 9783981465952 ; , s. 993-1004
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Photovoltaic thermal (PVT) solar panels produce both thermal and electric power from the some area. This paper concerns a PVT design where the series connected strings of cells are laminated using silicone to an aluminium receiver where the heat transfer fluid flows. An evaluation of the impact of reaching high temperatures in the cell structural integrity and performance is presented. Eight small test receivers were made in which the following properties were varied: Size of the PV cells, type of silicone used to encapsulate the PV cells, existence of a strain relief between the cells, size of the gap between cells and type of cell soldering (line or point soldering). These test receivers were placed in an oven for one hour, under eight different monitored temperatures. The temperature of the last round was set at 220°C which well exceeds the highest temperature the panel design can reach. Before and after each round in the oven, the following tests were conducted to the receivers: Electroluminescence (EL) test, IV-curve, diode function, and visual inspection. The test results showed that the receivers made with the transparent silicone and strain relief between cells experienced less micro-cracks and lower degradation in maximum power. No prototype test receiver lost more than 30% of its initial power, despite the large cell breakage shown in some receivers. Prototype receivers with transparent (softer) silicone showed much far less cracks and power decrease when compared to red (harder) silicone receivers. As expected, larger cells are more prone to develop micro-cracks after exposure to thermal stress. Additionally, existing micro-cracks tend to grow in size into larger micro-cracks relatively fast with thermal stress. The EL imaging taken during our experiment leads us to observe that it seems far easier for existing cracks to expand than for new cracks to appear.
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| 2. |
- Henriques, Joao, et al.
(författare)
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A coarse-grained model for flexible (phospho)proteins: Adsorption and bulk properties
- 2015
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Ingår i: Food Hydrocolloids. - : Elsevier BV. - 0268-005X. ; 43, s. 473-480
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Protein adsorption is a complex process that it controlled by several different mechanisms, for example: (i) electrostatic interactions between the protein and the surface, and (ii) between adsorbed proteins; (iii) dispersion interactions; (iv) hydration effects; and (v) structural rearrangements of the protein to balance conformational chain entropy with energetics. The aim of this study was to develop a simple model for the adsorption of intrinsically disordered proteins onto surfaces at a mesoscopic level of detail, while retaining protein integrity. Monte Carlo simulations were used in order to study the thermodynamical and structural properties of the flexible phosphoprotein beta-casein, in bulk and adsorbed to hydrophilic silica surfaces, in order to evaluate the effect of varying pH, monovalent salt concentration, and degree of serine phosphorylation. Experimental evidence from our previous study, published in this Journal, was used to set up and tune the Hamiltonian of the model. Our simulations show that protein-surface electrostatic interactions are, indeed, not the main driving force behind adsorption under the simulated conditions. Despite its importance, when taken alone, this type of interaction is not enough to promote the adsorption of beta-casein at any salt concentration. Adsorption is only possible through the inclusion of a protein-surface short-ranged attractive interaction potential with a minimum interaction strength of 2.25 k(B)T. This represents the lowest interaction strength required to mimic experimental adsorption results. An equally important finding is that considerable protein net charge fluctuations, due to phosphorylated serine saturation, have a negligible contribution to the free energy of adsorption. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Henriques, Joao, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins: Force Field Evaluation and Comparison with Experiment
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1549-9618 .- 1549-9626. ; 11:7, s. 3420-3431
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An increasing number of studies using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of unfolded and intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) suggest that current force fields sample conformations that are overly collapsed. Here, we study the applicability of several state-of-the-art MD force fields, of the AMBER and GROMOS variety, for the simulation of Histatin 5, a short (24 residues) cationic salivary IDP with antimicrobial and antifungal properties. The quality of the simulations is assessed in three complementary analyses: (i) protein shape and Size comparison with recent experimental small-angle X-ray scattering data; (ii) secondary structure prediction; (iii) energy landscape exploration and conformational Class analysis. Our results show that, indeed, standard force fields sample conformations that are too compact, being systematically unable to reproduce experimental evidence such as the scattering function, the shape of the protein as compared with the Kratky plot, and intrapeptide distances obtained through the pair distance distribution function, p(r). The consistency of this deviation suggests that the problem is not mainly due to protein-protein or water-water interactions, whose parametrization varies the most between force fields and water models. In fact, as originally proposed in [Best et al. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2014, 10, 5113-5124.], balanced protein-water interactions may be the key to solving this problem. Our simulations using this approach produce results in very good agreement with experiment.
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| 4. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Visual Object Tracking VOT2014 Challenge Results
- 2015
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Ingår i: COMPUTER VISION - ECCV 2014 WORKSHOPS, PT II. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319161808 - 9783319161815 ; , s. 191-217
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge 2014, VOT2014, aims at comparing short-term single-object visual trackers that do not apply pre-learned models of object appearance. Results of 38 trackers are presented. The number of tested trackers makes VOT 2014 the largest benchmark on short-term tracking to date. For each participating tracker, a short description is provided in the appendix. Features of the VOT2014 challenge that go beyond its VOT2013 predecessor are introduced: (i) a new VOT2014 dataset with full annotation of targets by rotated bounding boxes and per-frame attribute, (ii) extensions of the VOT2013 evaluation methodology, (iii) a new unit for tracking speed assessment less dependent on the hardware and (iv) the VOT2014 evaluation toolkit that significantly speeds up execution of experiments. The dataset, the evaluation kit as well as the results are publicly available at the challenge website (http://votchallenge.net).
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| 5. |
- Mantei, Franz, et al.
(författare)
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The night cooling effect on a C-PVT solar collector
- 2015
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Ingår i: ISES Solar World Congress 2015, Conference Proceedings. - Freiburg, Germany : International Solar Energy Society. - 9783981465952 ; , s. 1167-1175
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Night cooling consists in running a fluid through a solar panel during the night in order to reduce the fluid temperature which can be used for cooling applications. Radiative heat losses can allow the fluid to reach temperatures below ambient while conduction and convection works to equalize the collector with the ambient temperature. This paper analyzes the possibility of using an asymmetric concentrating photovoltaic thermal solar collector (C-PVT) for cooling applications during the night by losing heat through convection, conduction and irradiation. The cooling performance of the C-PVT collector has been measured during the night at different inlet temperatures in the interval of 13 to 38°C which corresponded to a AT (between the collector average and the ambient) from 6 to 28°C. The performance of the tested C-PVT collector has been measured at different inlet temperatures in an interval of 13 to 38°C. During all performed measurements, the radiation losses did not drive the collector temperature below ambient temperature. With high AT (between the inlet and the ambient) of 30°C, a 1,85°C temperature decrease in the fluid was obtained. For AT of 14°C, the temperature decrease was only 0,88°C. The measurements showed a night U-value for the Solarus C-PVT of 4,2 W/m2K This correlates well with previous papers showing measurements taken during the day. Heat losses seem to be dominated by convection and conduction due to the existence of the glass in the collector. Despite this, a measurable relation between heat losses and cloudiness factor exists. This shows that the irradiance losses are not negligible. Only very specific applications can be suited for night cooling with this collector design, since it is not so common to have applications that require low grade cooling during the night time or justify storing this energy. However, if the C-PVT design was made without a glass cover, the results could potentially be very different for locations with many clear nights.
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