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- Fernström, Erik
(författare)
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Fjällmarsch Trantre
- 1979
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Under vintern 1978 genomfördes Fjällmarsch TranTre på skidor av de sex unga män som har skrivit denna dokumentation av skidturen. Den startade den 1 mars i Transtrand och fortsatte längs den svenska fjällkedjan upp till Treriksröset. Därefter färdades de söderut till tågstationen Torne träsk, som de kom till den 27 april. De hade då tillryggalagt en sträcka på 1500 km under 50 dagar.Texterna handlar om deltagarna, deras förberedelser, färdvägen, dagsetapperna, utrustningen, packningen, maten, lägerplatserna, fotvården, skidorna, vädret, solen, kylan, sömnen, samt djuren och naturen. Det fysiska arbetet studerades vetenskapligt och gav upphov till fyra publikationer som anges nedan som olika poster i DiVA:Schantz, Peter et al. 1982. Training-induced increase in myofibrillar ATPase intermediate fibers in human skeletal muscle. Muscle & Nerve 5:628-636.Schantz, Peter et al. 1983. Adaptation of human skeletal muscle to endurance training of long duration. Clin. Physiol 3:141-151.Schantz, Peter. 1986. Plasticity of human skeletal muscle - with special reference to effectsof physical training on enzyme levels of the NADH shuttles and phenotypicexpression of slow and fast isoforms of myofibrillar proteins, Acta Physiol Scand, vol 128, Suppl.558, pp 1-64. Schantz, Peter. 1980. Långtur - om 150 turåkning längs den svenska fjällkedjan. Stockholm: Trygg-Hansa.
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| 2. |
- Fernström, Elisabeth
(författare)
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Physical load in computerized office work : with special reference to work tasks and equipment
- 1997
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main purpose of the studies presented in this thesis wasto measure and quantify shoulder load in computerised officework. Shoulder load was studied during a whole working day andin different work tasks. Shoulder and arm load during keyboardwork and with different modes of physical computer interactionwas also studied. The purpose was to determine whether load, orshoulder and neck complaints change with changes in workcontent or work task distribution. This thesis is based on fivepapers, of which two are from laboratory studies and three froma field study ranging over 1.5 years.Shoulder and forearm load in keyboard work with threetypewriters (mechanical, electromechanical and electronic) andtwo personal computer keyboards (traditional and angled) wasexamined with electromyography. The task was input of a giventext. As expected work on the mechanical typewriter increasedforearm muscular activity. Work on the electronic typewriter,which had extremely low key stroke force, increased righttrapezius musclar activity compared to the mechanicaltypewriter and to the angled keyboard. Work on this typewriteralso increased flexor forearm activity compared to work on thetraditional keyboard, as weill as forearm extensor activitycompared to the angled keyboard. No differences were foundbetween using the ordinary keyboard and the angledkeyboard.Shoulder and arm load in work with different modes ofphysical computer interaction was also studied withelectromyography. The four modes tested in word processingwere: keyboard, keyboard supplemented with a computer mouse,keyboard with computer mouse and arm support movable in threeplanes, and keyboard with Trackpoint device placed in thecentre of the keyboard. The interaction modes were evaluatedthrough perceived strain and individual preference. Muscularload from ordinary handwriting was tested as well. Shoulderload was higher during mouse work, while Trackpoint andkeyboard-only use increased forearm load. The two latter werealso found more strenuous to the forearm. Use of the armsupport decreased shoulder muscular load, as did Trackpointuse. However, the arm support increased forearm load comparedto computer mouse use without support. Handwriting increasedforearm muscular load.Physical and psychosocial effects of the reorganisation of adata processing unit were studied at the workplaces. Thereorganisation aimed at providing the data entry operators withother, less repetitive work tasks. Shoulder load was measuredwith electromyography. Work postures and movements wereexamined via the parameters upper-arm elevation, time seatedand distance walked. Work tasks were studied usingself-reported diaries and video recordings, whilemusculoskeletal disorders were examined clinically. This studywas conducted over 1.5 years with two main data collectingparts. The subjects had more desk work time afterthereorganisation. Desk work involved more muscular load than dataentry did. However, the reorganisation did not affect whole-dayshoulder muscular activity. Work postures changed withincreased upper-arm elevation but there were no changes in timeseated or in distance walked. An improvement inneck-and-shoulder disorders was noted. There was a greatdivergence between the subjects experienced data entry time andthe actual time read from the video recordings.Conclusions. Different office work tasks involve differentwork load, which might allow an important variation in muscularload. Different computer interaction modes also affordalterations in muscular load. Operators should thereforeperform different and varied work tasks, using different inputdevices; and they should change between them. Touch-sensitivekeys with short key travel should be avoided.Keywords:arm; data entry; disorder; electromyography;input device; neck; shoulder; upper-arm; work movement; workorganisation; work posture; work task; work taskdistribution
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| 4. |
- Hermerén, Göran
(författare)
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The ethics of regenerative medicine
- 2021
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Ingår i: Biologia Futura. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2676-8607 .- 2676-8615. ; 72:2, s. 113-118
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most developments in regenerative medicine have in common that there are many uncertainties and knowledge gaps. These features make the evaluation of long-term consequences of the available options difficult and have consequences for the ethical issues raised. This paper presents an overview of ethical issues raised in regenerative medicine, using as a starting point a list of stakeholders and their interests. Ethical issues are introduced via a simplified account of a project that focuses on several difficult problems, as well as a conceptual framework consisting of the following key concepts: present situation, goals, difficulties on the road toward the goals, and strategies for dealing with the difficulties. The list of ethical issues discussed includes safety and efficacy, patient consent, information, professional responsibilities, as well as equity and fairness. The issues and the underlying values need to be clarified, specified, debated, and ranked in order of importance. A particular problem is that values sometimes clash: Certain values can be achieved only at the expense of others. If and when values clash, principles are available that can guide the decision making. The paper comments on two such principles with implications for the particular issue of patient access to experimental treatments: the precautionary principle and the principle of proportionality. The paper ends with some conclusions for the future.
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| 5. |
- Baubeta Fridh, Erik, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Editor's Choice - Impact of Comorbidity, Medication, and Gender on Amputation Rate Following Revascularisation for Chronic Limb Threatening Ischaemia
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1078-5884 .- 1532-2165. ; 56:5, s. 681-688
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective/background: Chronic limb threatening ischaemia (CLTI) has a high risk of amputation and mortality. Increased knowledge on how sex, comorbidities, and medication influence these outcomes after revascularisation may help optimise results and patient selection. Methods: This population based observational cohort study included all individuals revascularised for CLTI in Sweden during a five year period (10,617 patients in total). Data were retrieved and merged from mandatory national healthcare registries, and specifics on amputations were validated with individual medical records. Results: Mean age at revascularisation was 76.8 years. Median follow up was 2.7 years (range 0-6.6 years). Male sex (hazard ratio [HR] 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09-1.33), renal insufficiency (HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.32-1.87), diabetes (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.32-1.60), and heart failure (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.05-1.31) were independently associated with an increased amputation rate, whereas the use of statins (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.64-0.78) and low dose acetylsalicylic acid (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.70-0.86) were associated with a reduced amputation rate. For the combined end point of amputation or death, an association with increased rates was found for male sex (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.18-1.32), renal insufficiency (HR 1.94, 95% CI 1.75-2.14), heart failure (HR 1.50, 95% CI 1.40-1.60), and diabetes (HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.23-1.38). The use of statins (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.67-0.82) and low dose acetylsalicylic acid (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.77-0.881) were related to a reduced risk of amputation or death. Conclusions: Renal insufficiency is the strongest independent risk factor for both amputation and amputation/ death in revascularised CLTI patients, followed by diabetes and heart failure. Men with CLTI have worse outcomes than women. These results may help govern patient selection for revascularisation procedures. Statin and low dose acetylsalicylic acid are associated with an improved limb outcome. This underlines the importance of preventive medication to reduce general cardiovascular risk and increase limb salvage. (C) 2018 European Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Hermerén, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Prioriteringsplattformen kan stärka förtroendet för vården : En stötta för rättvis fördelning av våra gemensamma resurser
- 2019
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 116, s. 1-3
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The platform for priority-setting contains key ideas about the mission, goals and values of health care in Sweden. The basic idea is that health care resources should be distributed primarily according to need and effect, and secondarily according to cost-effectiveness. Nobody should be discriminated against on the basis of their gender, age, religion, ethnic origin or political views. We also need to distinguish between the health-related needs that we, as a society, have agreed should be met by publicly funded health care and needs for which there is no such agreement. The mission of health care can, and ought to, remain unchanged, even if, or as, this classification changes. The platform should not be abandoned, since it helps to maintain trust in our publicly financed health care system.
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| 10. |
- Hermerén, Göran
(författare)
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Risk Screening, Testing, and Diagnosis : Ethical Aspects
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences: Second Edition. - 9780080970868 - 9780080970875 ; , s. 698-705
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- After an initial clarification of the notion of the risk, a brief discussion of the distinction between testing and screening, and of the difficulties of defining genetic information in a precise way follows an overview of public concerns raised by genetic testing and screening. Next section reviews various types of ethical issues in this context. The challenges are not the same for all types and purposes of such methods. The following sections therefore discuss issues raised by preimplantation diagnosis, prenatal diagnosis, prenatal and neonatal screening, presymptomatic testing, testing at the workplace and forensic uses of genetic tests. Finally some future concerns are outlined briefly.
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