| 1. |
- Besnard, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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Quantifying the effect of forest age in annual net forest carbon balance
- 2018
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Ingår i: Environmental Research Letters. - : IOP Publishing. - 1748-9326. ; 13:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forests dominate carbon (C) exchanges between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere on land. In the long term, the net carbon flux between forests and the atmosphere has been significantly impacted by changes in forest cover area and structure due to ecological disturbances and management activities. Current empirical approaches for estimating net ecosystem productivity (NEP) rarely consider forest age as a predictor, which represents variation in physiological processes that can respond differently to environmental drivers, and regrowth following disturbance. Here, we conduct an observational synthesis to empirically determine to what extent climate, soil properties, nitrogen deposition, forest age and management influence the spatial and interannual variability of forest NEP across 126 forest eddy-covariance flux sites worldwide. The empirical models explained up to 62% and 71% of spatio-temporal and across-site variability of annual NEP, respectively. An investigation of model structures revealed that forest age was a dominant factor of NEP spatio-temporal variability in both space and time at the global scale as compared to abiotic factors, such as nutrient availability, soil characteristics and climate. These findings emphasize the importance of forest age in quantifying spatio-temporal variation in NEP using empirical approaches.
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| 2. |
- Dittrich, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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ESMO / ASCO Recommendations for a Global Curriculum in Medical Oncology Edition 2016
- 2016
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Ingår i: ESMO Open. - : Elsevier BV. - 2059-7029. ; 1:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) and the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) are publishing a new edition of the ESMO/ ASCO Global Curriculum (GC) thanks to contribution of 64 ESMOappointed and 32 ASCO-appointed authors. First published in 2004 and updated in 2010, the GC edition 2016 answers to the need for updated recommendations for the training of physicians in medical oncology by defining the standard to be fulfilled to qualify as medical oncologists. At times of internationalisation of healthcare and increased mobility of patients and physicians, the GC aims to provide state-of-the-art cancer care to all patients wherever they live. Recent progress in the field of cancer research has indeed resulted in diagnostic and therapeutic innovations such as targeted therapies as a standard therapeutic approach or personalised cancer medicine specialised training for medical oncology trainees. Thus, several new chapters on technical contents such as molecular pathology, translational research or molecular imaging and on conceptual attitudes towards human principles like genetic counselling or survivorship have been integrated in the GC. The GC edition 2016 consists of 12 sections with 17 subsections, 44 chapters and 35 subchapters, respectively. Besides renewal in its contents, the GC underwent a principal formal change taking into consideration modern didactic principles. It is presented in a template-based format that subcategorises the detailed outcome requirements into learning objectives, awareness, knowledge and skills. Consecutive steps will be those of harmonising and implementing teaching and assessment strategies.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Behnisch, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Urban big data analytics and morphology
- 2019
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Ingår i: Environment and planning B. - : Sage Publications. - 2399-8083 .- 2399-8091. ; 46:7 (SI), s. 1203-1205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
- Lenhard, Jörg, et al.
(författare)
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Are Code Smell Detection Tools Suitable For Detecting Architecture Degradation?
- 2017
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Ingår i: ECSA '17 Proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Software Architecture. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450352178 ; , s. 138-144
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Several studies suggest that there is a relation between code smells and architecture degradation. They claim that classes, which have degraded architecture-wise, can be detected on the basis of code smells, at least if these are manually identiÿed in the source code.Objective: To evaluate the suitability of contemporary code smell detection tools by combining different smell categories for ÿnding classes that show symptoms of architecture degradation.Method: A case study is performed in which architectural in-consistencies in an open source system are detected via reflexion modeling and code smell metrics are collected through several tools. Using data mining techniques, we investigate if it is possible to auto-matically and accurately classify classes connected to architectural inconsistencies based on the gathered code smell data.Results: Results suggest that existing code smell detection techniques, as implemented in contemporary tools, are not sufficiently accurate for classifying whether a class contains architectural in-consistencies, even when combining categories of code smells.Conclusion: It seems that current automated code smell detection techniques require ÿne-tuning for a speciÿc system if they are to be used for ÿnding classes with architectural inconsistencies. More research on architecture violation causes is needed to build more accurate detection techniques that work out-of-the-box.
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| 8. |
- Lenhard, Jörg, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the suitability of source code metrics for indicating architectural inconsistencies
- 2019
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Ingår i: Software quality journal. - : Springer. - 0963-9314 .- 1573-1367. ; 27:1, s. 241-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Software architecture degradation is a phenomenon that frequently occurs during software evolution. Source code anomalies are one of the several aspects that potentially contribute to software architecture degradation. Many techniques for automating the detection of such anomalies are based on source code metrics. It is, however, unclear how accurate these techniques are in identifying the architecturally relevant anomalies in a system. The objective of this paper is to shed light on the extent to which source code metrics on their own can be used to characterize classes contributing to software architecture degradation. We performed a multi-case study on three open-source systems for each of which we gathered the intended architecture and data for 49 different source code metrics taken from seven different code quality tools. This data was analyzed to explore the links between architectural inconsistencies, as detected by applying reflexion modeling, and metric values indicating potential design problems at the implementation level. The results show that there does not seem to be a direct correlation between metrics and architectural inconsistencies. For many metrics, however, classes more problematic as indicated by their metric value seem significantly more likely to contribute to inconsistencies than less problematic classes. In particular, the fan-in, a classes’ public API, and method counts seem to be suitable indicators. The fan-in metric seems to be a particularly interesting indicator, as class size does not seem to have a confounding effect on this metric. This finding may be useful for focusing code restructuring efforts on architecturally relevant metrics in case the intended architecture is not explicitly specified and to further improve architecture recovery and consistency checking tool support.
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| 9. |
- Sinkala, Zipani Tom, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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A mapping study of software architecture recovery for software product lines
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Software Architecture. - Madrid, Spain : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450364836
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Migrating a family of software systems from ad-hoc development approaches such as `clone-and-own' towards software product lines (SPL) is a challenging task. Software architecture recovery techniques can play a crucial role in such a migration. However, it is to date still unclear how these techniques, which have been mostly developed for single system architecture recovery in mind, can be utilized in an SPL context most effectively. In this paper, we present a mapping study examining 35 research articles with the purpose of discussing the current state of the art in applying software architecture recovery techniques for SPL and identifying potential research gaps in this area. The results provide evidence that currently used approaches do not seem to consider the potential architectural degradation that might exist in the family of systems to be migrated. Moreover, it is hard to generalize across empirical studies as currently it seems difficult to compare and benchmark the approaches applied for software product line architecture (SPLA) extraction/reconstruction.
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