| 1. |
- Dobbins, Trevor David, 1965, et al.
(författare)
-
Human-centred, scalable, combat system design for littoral operations
- 2015
-
Ingår i: International Conference on Warship 2015: Future Surface Vessels; Bath; United Kingdom; 10 June 2015 through 11 June 2015. - 9781909024410 ; , s. 103-113
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Combat operations in the littoral and amphibious environments present unique challenges to both the warfighters, and the system designers. High-tempo navigation, in shallow / congested waters, and in degraded visual environments, increases the stresses on the individuals and teams before combat related tasks are considered. All combat tasks require the crew, and the crafts systems, to have the appropriate level of situation awareness and decision making capability. This Joint Cognitive System (JCS) supports the interoperability needed to achieve successful operational outcomes, particularly in joint operations. Resilience, is essential in the high-tempo coastal environment. Littoral / amphibious craft, being typically small and fast, and by necessity lean manned must be efficient and optimised. Understanding the crew's roles, tasks and competences provides the definitions required for the information architectures and flow, both intra and inter vessel, that supports the JCS and defines the vessel's Combat System. The JCS, and therefore the Combat System, can be scaled with the vessels size, as a number of the crews / systems functions remain the same. Designing the combat JCS from a human-centred perspective, provides an essential foundation for designing the vessel and delivering the required littoral / amphibious capability.
|
|
| 2. |
- Dobbins, Trevor David, 1965, et al.
(författare)
-
Search & rescue and maritime security in the arctic - System design challenges and solutions
- 2015
-
Ingår i: International Conference on Ice Class Vessels; London; United Kingdom. - 9781909024397 ; , s. 17-22
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing prevalence of voyages within the Arctic region is highlighting the growing need to understand the implications of delivering Search And Rescue (SAR) and Maritime Security (MARSEC) within the Arctic. Operating within this hostile environment requires specific system capabilities and resilience. This capability is not delivered by a single type or class of vessel, but rather a system-of-systems, including multinational cooperation. The issue of the large distances between safe havens is recognized, particularly the problem of it taking a long time for help to reach a vessel in distress assuming communication is possible. Therefore vessels need to be designed and outfitted with systems and equipment to support the crew and passengers for many days in harsh conditions, as well as the capability to help other vessels in distress, e.g. greater capability for deployable rescue craft assets. Therefore Arctic SAR and MARSEC operations require resilient System-of-Systems solutions, with embedded Human Systems Integration (HSI), to support safe and effective Arctic voyages.
|
|
| 3. |
- Stuart-Smith, Rick D., et al.
(författare)
-
The potential of trait-based approaches to contribute to marine conservation
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Marine Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-597X .- 1872-9460. ; 51, s. 148-150
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The value of diversity metrics to represent ecological communities and inform broad-scale conservation objectives and policy has often been subject to debate and uncertainty [1,2]. In practice, diversity metrics are important in setting management and conservation priorities, just as economic indices contribute to global monetary and financial policies. Thus, key challenges for ecologists are to identify new ways to view and summarise patterns in biodiversity and improve on the metrics available for management purposes. In a recent paper on functional diversity patterns in reef fishes [3], we highlighted the potential of new insights gained from functional trait-based approaches to inform marine management, stressing the need to develop and refine biodiversity measures that are linked to ecology (rather than taxonomy). We used a unique, fisheries-independent reef fish identity and abundance dataset, collected using standardised methods from equatorial to high latitude regions all over the world, to provide the first global view of the distribution of individuals amongst species (including a measure of evenness) and functional traits amongst marine communities. A recent paper by Robinson et al. [4] published in Marine Policy criticised the use of our evenness index as a measure of biodiversity, and questioned the use of functional trait-based metrics derived from surveys of standardised areas for decisions relating to broad-scale management of marine systems. In this paper we respond to Robinson et al. and rebut their claims related to sampling bias and broad-scale applicability of trait-based approaches.
|
|
