| 1. |
- Alimena, Juliette, et al.
(författare)
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Searching for long-lived particles beyond the Standard Model at the Large Hadron Collider
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics G. - : IOP Publishing. - 0954-3899 .- 1361-6471. ; 47:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Particles beyond the Standard Model (SM) can generically have lifetimes that are long compared to SM particles at the weak scale. When produced at experiments such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, these long-lived particles (LLPs) can decay far from the interaction vertex of the primary proton-proton collision. Such LLP signatures are distinct from those of promptly decaying particles that are targeted by the majority of searches for new physics at the LHC, often requiring customized techniques to identify, for example, significantly displaced decay vertices, tracks with atypical properties, and short track segments. Given their non-standard nature, a comprehensive overview of LLP signatures at the LHC is beneficial to ensure that possible avenues of the discovery of new physics are not overlooked. Here we report on the joint work of a community of theorists and experimentalists with the ATLAS, CMS, and LHCb experiments-as well as those working on dedicated experiments such as MoEDAL, milliQan, MATHUSLA, CODEX-b, and FASER-to survey the current state of LLP searches at the LHC, and to chart a path for the development of LLP searches into the future, both in the upcoming Run 3 and at the high-luminosity LHC. The work is organized around the current and future potential capabilities of LHC experiments to generally discover new LLPs, and takes a signature-based approach to surveying classes of models that give rise to LLPs rather than emphasizing any particular theory motivation. We develop a set of simplified models; assess the coverage of current searches; document known, often unexpected backgrounds; explore the capabilities of proposed detector upgrades; provide recommendations for the presentation of search results; and look towards the newest frontiers, namely high-multiplicity 'dark showers', highlighting opportunities for expanding the LHC reach for these signals.
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| 2. |
- Hill, Wendy, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment for children with upper limb differences in various parts of the world : Preliminary findings
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of prosthetics and orthotics. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1040-8800 .- 1534-6331. ; 35:3, s. 149-155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction To support clinicians who treat children with upper-limb differences, we must first understand how these children are treated around the world.Study Design A descriptive survey was carried out in this study.Objectives The aim was to describe how treatment for children with upper-limb difference is provided in different parts of the world.Methods A web-based survey was used to gather data. The survey was shared on the Handsmart website, through providers and members using snowball sampling.Results Sixty-eight respondents from 18 countries, with most being occupational therapists and prosthetists, participated. All respondents reported that they provide prosthetic treatment and most fit a passive prosthesis before 1 year of age.Respondents from 13 countries reported having governmental funding for the provision of care for people with upper-limb loss. Intervention is guided by the presentation of the limb as well as availability of funding and other resources. In 12 countries, no treatment other than fitting of prostheses is provided for the children. The children who do not receive a prosthesis continue to see an occupational or physical therapist for other treatment (other devices, follow-up). Respondents stated that they would like to see clear treatment guidelines used by multidisciplinary teams to fit children and that treatment should include regular follow-up.Conclusions Children are treated differently in various parts of the world based on different funding, family support, and therapy resources. Further studies should encompass a geographically representative sample of children’s clinics.Clinical Relevance This study provides information regarding treatment practices for children with upper-limb loss/difference in various parts of the world; prosthetic treatment is common for children, although ages for fitting vary among clinics and countries. Results will contribute by supporting clinicians to provide better treatment for children with upper-limb loss/difference.
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| 3. |
- Lindner, Helen, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive load in learning to use a multi-function hand
- 2020
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Ingår i: MEC20 Symposium Proceedings. - Fredericton, Canada : University of New Brunswick.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the promising functions of a multi-function hand, it is challenging to learn to use a hand that has up to 36grip patterns. If it requires too much cognitive load to learn to operate a prosthetic hand, the user may eventually stopusing it. Measurement of cognitive load while learning to use a bionic hand will help the therapist to adjust the trainingpace and help the user to achieve success.An innovative, non-obtrusive method for measuring cognitive load is by tracking eye gaze. Gaze measuresprovide pupil diameters that indicate subjective task difficulty and mental effort. Three subjects wore a pair of Tobiieye-tracking glasses during control training and performed eight activities. Eye-tracking data were imported in TobiiPro Lab software for extracting pupil diameter during the activities. Pupil diameter (normal range: 2-4mm duringnormal light) was used to indicate the amount of cognitive load.Pupil diameters were below 4mm in 9 out of 23 training activities. Pupil diameters were above 4mm in all threesubjects when they used precision pinch to perform the activities “stack 4 1-inch wooden blocks” and “pick up smallobjects”. Subject 3 had pupil diameters over 4mm in all training activities. Pupil diameters were largest when thesubjects were adjusting the grip and when they had difficulties in initiating the grip.It seems appropriate to introduce no more than four grips during the first control training session. Further studyis required to determine if pupil diameters will decrease over time when adequate prosthetic training is given.
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| 4. |
- Santangelo, James S., et al.
(författare)
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Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover
- 2022
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 375
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural dines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale.
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