| 1. |
- Werdelin, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Locating specimens of extinct tiger (Panthera tigris) subspecies: Caspian tiger (P. t. virgata), Javan tiger (P. t. sondaica), and Balinese tiger (P. t. balica) – including previously unpublished specimens
- 2013
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Ingår i: Mammal Study. - : Mammalogical Society of Japan. - 1343-4152 .- 1348-6160. ; 38, s. 187-198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent advances in multivariate statistics, and in ancient DNA techniques, have greatly increased understanding of tiger phylogeography. However, regardless of advances in analytical methodology, researchers will continue to need access to specimens for morphological measurements and sampling for genetic analysis. The tiger has become increasingly endangered, and out of the nine putative tiger subspecies, three (Javan, Balinese, and Caspian) have become extinct in the last 100 years, leaving the specimens kept in natural history collections as the only materials available for research. Frustratingly little information is widely available concerning the specimens of these extinct tiger subspecies. We conducted an extensive search for specimens of extinct tiger subspecies, and also developed a simple on-site method to assign unprovenanced and probable Indonesian specimens to either Javan/Balinese or Sumatran subspecies. We located a total of 88 Javan, 11 Balinese, and 46 Caspian tigers, including seven new Javan tigers, and three Balinese tigers that were not widely known previously. These specimens are critical for research in order to understand the intraspecific phylogeny and evolutionary history of the tiger.
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| 2. |
- Ahlen, Elsa, et al.
(författare)
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Learning to read upside-down: a study of perceptual expertise and its acquisition
- 2014
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Ingår i: Experimental Brain Research. - : Springer Verlag (Germany). - 0014-4819 .- 1432-1106. ; 232:3, s. 1025-1036
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reading is an expert visual and ocular motor function, learned mainly in a single orientation. Characterizing the features of this expertise can be accomplished by contrasts between reading of normal and inverted text, in which perceptual but not linguistic factors are altered. Our goal was to examine this inversion effect in healthy subjects reading text, to derive behavioral and ocular motor markers of perceptual expertise in reading, and to study these parameters before and after training with inverted reading. Seven subjects engaged in a 10-week program of 30 half-hour sessions of reading inverted text. Before and after training, we assessed reading of upright and inverted single words for response time and word-length effects, as well as reading of paragraphs for time required, accuracy, and ocular motor parameters. Before training, inverted reading was characterized by long reading times and large word-length effects, with eye movements showing more and longer fixations, more and smaller forward saccades, and more regressive saccades. Training partially reversed many of these effects in single word and text reading, with the best gains occurring in reading aloud time and proportion of regressive saccades and the least change in forward saccade amplitude. We conclude that reading speed and ocular motor parameters can serve as markers of perceptual expertise during reading and that training with inverted text over 10 weeks results in significant gains of reading expertise in this unfamiliar orientation. This approach may be useful in the rehabilitation of patients with hemianopic dyslexia.
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| 3. |
- Barton, Jason J. S., et al.
(författare)
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The word-length effect in reading: A review
- 2014
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Ingår i: Cognitive Neuropsychology. - : Taylor and Francis (Routledge): STM, Behavioural Science and Public Health Titles. - 0264-3294 .- 1464-0627. ; 31:5-6, s. 378-412
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The finding that visual processing of a word correlates with the number of its letters has an extensive history. In healthy subjects, a variety of methods, including perceptual thresholds, naming and lexical decision times, and ocular motor parameters, show modest effects that interact with high-order effects like frequency. Whether this indicates serial processing of letters under some conditions or indexes low-level visual factors related to word length is unclear. Word-length effects are larger in pure alexia, where they probably reflect a serial letter-by-letter strategy, due to failure of lexical whole-word processing and variable dysfunction in letter encoding. In pure alexia, the word-length effect is systematically related to mean naming latency, with the word-length effect becoming proportionally greater as naming latency becomes more delayed in severe cases. Other conditions may also generate enhanced word-length effects. This occurs in right hemianopia: Computer simulations suggest a criterion of 160 ms/letter to distinguish hemianopic dyslexia from pure alexia. Normal reading development is accompanied by a decrease in word-length effects, whereas persistently elevated word-length effects are characteristic of developmental dyslexia. Little is known about word-length effects in other reading disorders. We conclude that the word-length effect captures the efficiency of the perceptual reading process in development, normal reading, and a number of reading disorders, even if its mechanistic implications are not always clear.
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| 4. |
- Hills, Gerald, E., 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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A Foreword : Qualitative Recollections
- 2013
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Ingår i: Entrepreneurial Marketing. - Bingley, UK : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 9781781907863 ; , s. xvii-xix
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Hills, Gerald E., et al.
(författare)
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Academic roots : the past and the present of entrepreneurial marketing
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship. - 0827-6331 .- 2169-2610. ; 24:1, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research in entrepreneurial marketing is about 30 years old. During this period research has followed many trajectories. Two important but divergent routes are small business marketing versus entrepreneurial marketing mirroring the discourse of small businesses versus entrepreneurial firms. Today small business marketing and entrepreneurial marketing are regarded as separate research fields, however related. EM-researches have been very open-minded towards different approaches in methodology, especially compared to research within mainstream marketing in the US. During this rather long period of time advances in other disciplines have been beneficial for our own research. One such example is the development of Effectuation theory allowing us to understand entrepreneurial decision-making and consequently, important aspects of entrepreneurial marketing behaviour. Many of the research questions, regarded as important by scholars in a panel 1986, are still regarded as important, for example new venture growth. Other issues have lost its relevance. But over all many important questions still are waiting for an answer and the whole research field of Entrepreneurial marketing offers tremendous research opportunities.
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| 6. |
- Hills, Gerald, E., 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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Entrepreneurial marketing : conceptual and empirical research opportunities
- 2013
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Ingår i: Entrepreneurship Research Journal. - : Walter de Gruyter. - 2157-5665 .- 2194-6175. ; 3:4, s. 437-448
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the last 25 years, Entrepreneurship has become a well-established discipline joining the long-established marketing discipline as two important cornerstones in Business Studies. The interface between these disciplines, the Marketing and Entrepreneurship Interface (M/E Interface), has been researched for 30 years and is now becoming an established research area with outlets in both marketing and entrepreneurship. In a meeting to formulate a research strategy for M/E, a number of M/E scholars discussed the past, present, and future of M/E research. One conclusion was labeled “the future is in the past”. Much of what has been discussed for two decades is still as valid as in earlier days. Trends in society have made the M/E research questions even more important to address today. The challenge for future researchers is to make better theoretical synthesis of previous thinking and empirical efforts.Although there has been growth in the amount of M/E research, one fact has not changed. There are still numerous, exciting opportunities to create new knowledge at the M/E Interface. This article discusses the existing streams of research and potential opportunities for additional research. Research at the M/E Interface presents an opportunity for new scholars to be at the forefront of a new discipline.
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| 7. |
- Hills, Gerald E., 1943-, et al.
(författare)
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History, theory and evidence of entrepreneurial marketing : an overview
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management. - Milton Keynes : Inderscience Enterprises. - 1368-275X .- 1741-5098. ; 11:1, s. 3-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Entrepreneurial marketing (EM), i.e., the interface of the two research fields of entrepreneurship and marketing, is a scholarly concept that is receiving increasing interest. In our article, we attempt to address definitional issues, theoretical foundations, historical milestones and new, preliminary empirical findings. More exactly, we propose our own definition of EM especially taking into consideration the entrepreneurial orientation behind this new marketing concept and the aim of creating customer value through such means as innovativeness, creativity, selling, networking or flexibility. Besides, we offer an overview of EM’s ‘modern history’ within the last 20 years and
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| 8. |
- Hills, Gerald, E., 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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Research in marketing and entrepreneurship : a retrospective viewpoint
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Reserach in Marketing and Entrepreneurship. - Northampton : Emerald. - 1471-5201 .- 1471-521X. ; 13:01, s. 8-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AbstractPurpose – The purpose of this paper is to reflect upon 13 years of the Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship and developments in the field over that period.Design/methodology/approach – The authors reflect upon the past and future of the marketing and entrepreneurship discipline.Findings – There is an abundance of important research questions to fuel faculty and PhD student research for years to come.Originality/value – This paper has value as a reflective piece which goes on to pose research questions of the future.Keywords Marketing, Entrepreneurialism, Research, Journals Paper type ViewpointIntroductionThe Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship (JRME) was launched more than a decade ago by pioneers John Day and Paul Reynolds at the University of Huddersfield. In the meantime, Robert Schwartz and Vince Pascal devoted years of effort to the success of the journal as well. It is appropriate to note that if we apply small business failure/success statistics to this venture, it has clearly been a success. It has been successful in several ways. The sheer existence of a journal at the marketing/entrepreneurship interface has helped to legitimize this academic domain and it has supported young scholars who must show new knowledge in refereed publications – now the quality of our work has supported moving the journal to a highly reputable publisher. We suggest that there is an emerging historical parallel with the American Journal of Small Business which became Entrepreneurship Theory&Practice, now one of the two top journals in the field of entrepreneurship. JRME, with its new publisher and new editor, Jonathan Deacon, will build upon the shoulders of its founders. Gerry Hills was honored to write an “Inaugural Commentary” then and now, to share some retrospective thoughts after the passing of a decade. Looking to several observations made at that time.The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/1471-5201.htm
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| 9. |
- Hultman, Claes M., 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Influence from entrepreneurship in marketing theory
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Reserach in Marketing and Entrepreneurship. - Northampton : Emarald Publishing Group. - 1471-5201 .- 1471-521X. ; 13:02, s. 120-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AbstractPurpose – The purpose of this paper is to point at some examples where entrepreneurship theory can influence the developments within marketing theory.Design/methodology/approach – The authors present conceptual arguments for an increased attention to findings within entrepreneurship theory in the future research and education of marketing.Findings – Present mainstream marketing theory can be criticized for emphasizing managerial marketing behavior. Entrepreneurial activities are an important part of today’s business world and this should be reflected in how we teach and research marketing. The research interface between entrepreneurship and marketing can, therefore, create fruitful developments for marketing. Some examples are: opportunity recognition processes; how marketing decisions are made and implemented; and strategic marketing.Originality/value – The paper reflects the authors’ opinion and provides some arguments for an increased focus on entrepreneurial aspects in future marketing education and research. IntroductionThe history of marketing theory is about a century old and other disciplines have had influence in its evolution. Starting in three parallel streams – institutional, commodity and functional – a rapid evolution took place after Second World War and escalated in the 1960s. Influences especially from behavioral sciences, organizational behavior and operational management have had strong impact on present marketing theory. The entrepreneurship discipline has evolved almost in parallel. A common view within entrepreneurship is that it all started with Richard Cantillion in the eighteenth century and developed with giants as Schumpeter (entrepreneur as innovator) (1934), Say (entrepreneur as coordinator) (1845), Kirzner (entrepreneur as arbitrator; opportunity-seeker) (1973) and Knight (entrepreneur as uncertainty reducer) (1921). Today entrepreneurship has gained world-wide acceptance as an important part of modern society as well as an established scholarly discipline. Influences between the two disciplines could be traced in the 1980s, however, it is hard to state when the first steps to research the interface between marketing and entrepreneurship started. The first research symposium of the interface was held in 1983 and since than entrepreneurial marketing (EM) has evolved to become more and more recognized. For a long period of time, EM was developed much along two trajectories; one with a focus on small business marketing behavior (Carson et al., 1995) and one with a focus on entrepreneur’s marketing behavior regardless of firm size (Hills and Hultman, 2011). The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/1471-5201.htm
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| 10. |
- Kilenthong, Pitsamorn, et al.
(författare)
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Entrepreneurial marketing practice : systematic relationships with firm age, firm size and operator’s status
- 2010
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Ingår i: Strategic entrepreneurship. - St. Gallen : KMU Verlag. - 9783906541273 ; , s. 1-15
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study quantitatively examines systematic relationships between firms' characteristics and entrepreneurial marketing. Level of firms' entrepreneurial marketing practice is hypothesized to be influenced by firm's age, size, and operator's status. Results from multi-group confirmatory factor analyses show that the level entrepreneurial marketing practice has a systematic relationship with firm's age, but not with the status of firm's operator. The impact of firm size on entrepreneurial marketing practice is evident when firm's age is also taken into account. This study concludes that relationships between firm's characteristics and entrepreneurial marketing practice are complicated than anticipated and that researchers need a good measure in determing the level of firm's entrepreneurial marketing.
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