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- Li, CD, et al.
(författare)
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A gene expression signature to predicit overall, prostate cancer, and non-prostate cancer survival
- 2013
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY. - : American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO). - 0732-183X .- 1527-7755. ; 31:6
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- 51 Background: For prostate cancer patients, prostate cancer specific and non-prostate cancer specific survival have the same importance. This study aimed at identifying expression biomarkers that can predict prostate cancer specific, non-prostate cancer specific and overall survival at diagnosis. Methods: Selected ESCGPs (embryonic stem cell gene predictors) and control genes were analyzed by multiplex quantitative PCR using prostate fine-needle aspiration samples taken at diagnosis from a Swedish cohort of 189 prostate cancer patients diagnosed between 1986 and 2000. Of all patients, 97.9% had overall and cancer-specific survival data and 77.9% were primarily treated only by hormone therapy. The cohort was divided into one discovery and two validation subsets. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard ratios and Kaplan-Meier plots were used for the survival analysis. A published dataset was used for external validation. Results: An expression signature of F3, VGLL3 and IGFBP3, was sufficient to categorize the patients into high-risk, intermediate-risk and low-risk subtypes. The median overall survival of the subtypes was 3.23, 4.00 and 9.85 years respectively. The difference corresponded to HRs of 5.86 (95% CI 2.91-11.78, P<0.001) for the high-risk and 3.45 (95% CI 1.79-6.66, P<0.001) for the intermediate-risk compared to the low-risk subtype. This signature is significant in correlation to overall, cancer-specific and non-cancer specific survival in both univariate and multivariate analyses including common clinical parameters. Conclusions: These results suggest that these novel expression biomarkers and the expression signature could be used to improve the accuracy of the currently available clinical tools for predicting overall, cancer-specific and non-cancer specific survival and selecting patients with potential survival benefit from hormone treatment.
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- Abdulhadi, Nadia M. Noor, et al.
(författare)
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Doctors' and nurses' views on patient care for type 2 diabetes : an interview study in primary health care in Oman
- 2013
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Ingår i: Primary Health Care Research and Development. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1463-4236 .- 1477-1128. ; 14:3, s. 258-269
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: This study aimed at exploring the experiences of primary health-care providers of their encounters with patients with type 2 diabetes, and their preferences and suggestions for future improvement of diabetes care. Background: Barriers to good diabetes care could be related to problems from health-care providers' side, patients' side or the healthcare system of the country. Treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes has become a huge challenge in Oman, where the prevalence has increased to high levels. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 26 health-care professionals, 19 doctors and seven nurses, who worked in primary health care in Oman. Qualitative content analysis was applied. Findings: Organizational barriers and barriers related to patients and healthcare providers were identified. These included workload and lack of teamwork approach. Poor patients' management adherence and influence of culture on their attitudes towards illness were identified. From the providers' side, language barriers, providers' frustration and aggressive attitudes towards the patients were reflected. Decreasing the workload, availability of competent teams with diabetes specialist nurses and continuity of care were suggested. Furthermore, changing professional behaviours towards a more patient-centred approach and need for health education to the patients, especially on self-management, were addressed. Appropriate training for health-care providers in communication skills with emphasis on self-care education and individualization of care according to each patient's needs are important for improvement of diabetes care in Oman.
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- Hjelm, Barbara, et al.
(författare)
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Generation of monospecific antibodies based on affinity capture of polyclonal antibodies
- 2011
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Ingår i: Protein Science. - : Wiley. - 0961-8368 .- 1469-896X. ; 20:11, s. 1824-1835
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method is described to generate and validate antibodies based on mapping the linear epitopes of a polyclonal antibody followed by sequential epitope-specific capture using synthetic peptides. Polyclonal antibodies directed towards four proteins RBM3, SATB2, ANLN, and CNDP1, potentially involved in human cancers, were selected and antibodies to several non-overlapping epitopes were generated and subsequently validated by Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. For all four proteins, a dramatic difference in functionality could be observed for these monospecific antibodies directed to the different epitopes. In each case, at least one antibody was obtained with full functionality across all applications, while other epitope-specific fractions showed no or little functionality. These results present a path forward to use the mapped binding sites of polyclonal antibodies to generate epitope-specific antibodies, providing an attractive approach for large-scale efforts to characterize the human proteome by antibodies.
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- van Leeuwen, Anieke, et al.
(författare)
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Predators with multiple ontogenetic niche shifts have limited potential for population growth and top-down control of their prey
- 2013
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Ingår i: American Naturalist. - : University of Chicago Press. - 0003-0147 .- 1537-5323. ; 182:1, s. 53-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Catastrophic collapses of top predators have revealed trophic cascades and community structuring by top-down control. When populations fail to recover after a collapse, this may indicate alternative stable states in the system. Overfishing has caused several of the most compelling cases of these dynamics, and in particular Atlantic cod stocks exemplify such lack of recovery. Often, competition between prey species and juvenile predators is hypothesized to explain the lack of recovery of predator populations. The predator is then considered to compete with its prey for one resource when small and to subsequently shift to piscivory. Yet predator life history is often more complex than that, including multiple ontogenetic diet shifts. Here we show that no alternative stable states occur when predators in an intermediate life stage feed on an additional resource (exclusive to the predator) before switching to piscivory, because predation and competition between prey and predator do not simultaneously structure community dynamics. We find top-down control by the predator only when there is no feedback from predator foraging on the additional resource. Otherwise, the predator population dynamics are governed by a bottleneck in individual growth occurring in the intermediate life stage. Therefore, additional resources for predators may be beneficial or detrimental for predator population growth and strongly influence the potential for top-down community control.
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