| 1. |
- Andiné, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Behandling och bedömning i rättspsykiatrisk vård – En kartläggning av systematiska översikter : SBU Kartlägger • Rapport 264/2017
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Statens beredning för medicinsk och social utvärdering (SBU) har gjort denna kartläggning för att ta reda på inom vilka områden det finns behov av kunskap kring insatser i rättspsykiatrisk vård. Uppdraget kommer från Socialdepartementet som efterlyser ökad kunskap om evidensläget för rättspsykiatrisk vård. Kartläggningen visar att behovet av väl genomförd forskning är stort för behandlingar i rättspsykiatrisk vård. Samtliga domäner som SBU har kartlagt saknar tillförlitligt sammanställd forskning specifikt för personer som vårdas inom rättspsykiatri.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Billstedt, Eva, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Neurodevelopmental disorders in young violent offenders: Overlap and background characteristics
- 2017
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-1781. ; 252, s. 234-241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neurodevelopmental disorders (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), tic disorder, intellectual disability (ID)), in prison populations have received increased attention but the focus has generally been on one single condition leaving out the global picture. This study assessed the prevalence and overlap of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) in a consecutive cohort (n=270) of young adult male offenders (age 18-25 years), sentenced for "hands-on" violent offences and serving prison time in Swedish prisons. Seventy-one percent of all who met inclusion criteria participated. Comprehensive clinical assessments were carried out including history of early antisocial behavior and maladjustment, self-report questionnaires and an intelligence test. Sixty-three percent of the study group met DSM-IV criteria for childhood ADHD, 43% for ADHD in adulthood, 10% met criteria for an ASD, 6% for Tourette syndrome, and 1% for ID. Twenty-two percent had borderline intellectual functioning. A substantial rate of overlap between the NDDs was found. The combined NDD group had an earlier onset of antisocial behavior, had more aggressive behavior and lower school achievements than the non-NDD group. The results highlight the need for prison and probation services to be attentive of and screen for neurodevelopmental disorders in young violent offenders.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Delfin, Carl, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Examining Associations Between Psychopathic Traits and Executive Functions in Incarcerated Violent Offenders
- 2018
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychiatry. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-0640. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Executive functions (EFs) are essential in almost all aspects of daily life and have been robustly related to antisocial behavior. However, the relationship between psychopathy and EFs has remained equivocal. Research investigating lower-level trait dimensions of psychopathy using standardized EF measures could be beneficial in addressing this issue. In this study, we examined associations between four EFs and four dimensions of psychopathic traits (interpersonal, affective, lifestyle, antisocial) using zero-order correlation and a combination of classical and Bayesian statistical methods. Two hundred and fourteen incarcerated male violent offenders were assessed with the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised and completed tests of cognitive flexibility, spatial working memory, response inhibition, and planning and problem-solving using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. Lifestyle psychopathic traits were significantly associated with reduced initial thinking time in a planning and problem-solving task, with a Bayes factor indicating substantial evidence for the observed correlation, and antisocial psychopathic traits showed a significant association with reduced initial thinking time in the same task, although the Bayes factor indicated only anecdotal evidence. Significant associations were also found between affective and antisocial psychopathic traits and less efficient strategic thinking in a spatial working memory task, and between affective, lifestyle and antisocial psychopathic traits and fewer problems solved in a planning and problem-solving task, although these findings were not corroborated by the Bayesian analysis. While the observed effects ranged between small and medium, our study suggests that reduced initial thinking times in planning and problem-solving is robustly associated with higher degrees of lifestyle and antisocial psychopathic traits.
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| 7. |
- Delfin, Carl, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Prediction of recidivism in a long-term follow-up of forensic psychiatric patients: Incremental effects of neuroimaging data
- 2019
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Ingår i: PloS One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 14:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the primary objectives in forensic psychiatry, distinguishing it from other psychiatric disciplines, is risk management. Assessments of the risk of criminal recidivism are performed on a routine basis, as a baseline for risk management for populations involved in the criminal justice system. However, the risk assessment tools available to clinical practice are limited in their ability to predict recidivism. Recently, the prospect of incorporating neuroimaging data to improve the prediction of criminal behavior has received increased attention. In this study we investigated the feasibility of including neuroimaging data in the prediction of recidivism by studying whether the inclusion of resting-state regional cerebral blood flow measurements leads to an incremental increase in predictive performance over traditional risk factors. A subsample (N = 44) from a cohort of forensic psychiatric patients who underwent single-photon emission computed tomography neuroimaging and clinical psychiatric assessment during their court-ordered forensic psychiatric investigation were included in a long-term (ten year average time at risk) follow-up. A Baseline model with eight empirically established risk factors, and an Extended model which also included resting-state regional cerebral blood flow measurements from eight brain regions were estimated using random forest classification and compared using several predictive performance metrics. Including neuroimaging data in the Extended model increased the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) from .69 to .81, increased accuracy from .64 to .82 and increased the scaled Brier score from .08 to .25, supporting the feasibility of including neuroimaging data in the prediction of recidivism in forensic psychiatric patients. Although our results hint at potential benefits in the domain of risk assessment, several limitations and ethical challenges are discussed. Further studies with larger, carefully characterized clinical samples utilizing higher-resolution neuroimaging techniques are warranted.
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| 9. |
- González Moraga, Fernando Renee, et al.
(författare)
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Psychopathy, Aggression, and Intelligence in Young Violent Offenders: A Moderation Analysis
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Association of Forensic Mental Health Services (IAFMHS) Conference. Antwerp, Belgium: June 12-14.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Little attention has been directed to the possible moderating effect of intelligence on the well-established relationship between psychopathy and aggression, even though intelligence in previous research has been linked to both. We examined if intelligence moderates the relationship between psychopathy and aggression in a nationally representative cohort of young male Swedish violent offenders (n = 270). Data on psychopathy (Psychopathy Checklist-Revised), aggression (Life History of Aggression), and intelligence (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III) was collected. Simple ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models indicated that the effect of psychopathy on aggression was not moderated by intelligence.
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| 10. |
- Hofvander, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Few Differences in the Externalizing and Criminal History of Young Violent Offenders With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorders
- 2019
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychiatry. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-0640. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are known to be associated with an increased risk of aggression and challenging behavior. In this study, we have mapped the externalizing history of a nationally representative cohort of young violent offenders with ASD, compared with offenders without ASD. Two hundred and sixty-nine violent offenders were assessed for prevalence of ASD, and participated in a thorough assessment of previous externalizing problems and criminal history. Twenty-six offenders met consensus clinical DSM-IV criteria for ASD and they were compared to offenders without ASD from the same cohort. Overall, we found a very high prevalence of externalizing and antisocial behaviors in the history of these offenders and there were few differences between the groups. Placements in foster homes were overrepresented in the ASD group and the ASD-offenders had significantly more often been diagnosed with a neurodevelopmental disorder (i.e. ASD or ADHD) by a clinician before the study. At index conviction, ASD offenders were overrepresented in sex crimes with a child victim. Though offenders without ASD had more previous convictions, in particular drug crimes, we found no difference in terms of total number of prosecuted crimes. Substance use disorders were more common among offenders without ASD. The ASD offenders scored higher compared to the non-ASD offenders on the Affective facet of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) but there were no differences in terms of total PCL-R scores. Our results provide important knowledge of the developmental history of offenders with ASD. Though this is a small and atypical phenotype it poses significant challenges to the criminal justice system and we need to understand more of it to be able to prevent these individuals from committing crimes but also to provide a fair judicial treatment, to assess exculpatory factors and improve our forensic treatment models.
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