| 1. |
- Alexius, Katarina, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Barns behov och vilja vid tvångsvård till följd av omsorgsbrist
- 2014. - 1
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Ingår i: Barnrätt : en antologi. - Stockholm : Norstedts Juridik AB. - 9789139017813 ; , s. 21-38
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vid omhändertaganden av barn ska barnets bästa vara avgörande för de beslut som fattas. I den praktiska tillämpningen innefattar begreppet ofta tolkningar av barns behov, såsom dessa definieras av kompetenta vuxna, och barnets vilja, såsom denna uttrycks av barnet eller uttolkas av vuxna. I denna studie undersöks uttrycken barns behov och vilja samt hur barns behov och vilja bedöms i sociala utredningar och domar som rör tvångsomhändertaganden till följd av omsorgssvikt av barn i familjer där någon förälder har intellektuell funktionsnedsättning.
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| 2. |
- Alexius, Katarina, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Care assessments concerning involuntary removal of children from intellectually disabled parents
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0964-9069 .- 1469-9621. ; 36:3, s. 295-310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study set out to analyse how parenting and the needs of the children are assessed by social authorities and courts in families where one or both parents have an intellectual disability (ID). The texts of child welfare investigations and court judgements in 16 cases of care orders concerning parents (30) with IDs and their children (29) in two counties in Sweden were analysed by a hermeneutic case study. The study shows that even though many of the children are described as already harmed by neglect, clear assessments of care needs are not presented and it is uncertain which of the children’s needs a placement in a family home is assumed to satisfy. The conclusion of the article is that, even though no direct discrimination can be established, the particular individual and structural difficulties of the families’ life circumstances are not taken into consideration. This can be seen as a discriminatory practice.
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| 3. |
- Hollander, Anna-Clara, et al.
(författare)
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Hospitalisation for depressive disorder following unemployment-differentials by gender and immigrant status : a population-based cohort study in Sweden
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. - : BMJ. - 0143-005X .- 1470-2738. ; 67:10, s. 875-881
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The association between unemployment and poor mental health in general is explained by both causation and selection. The aim was to study whether experiencing unemployment was a risk factor for hospitalisation for depressive disorder specifically, and whether gender and immigrant status modified the hypothesised risk. Methods A register-based prospective cohort study, 2000-2006, of persons aged 18-64 with a strong connection to the Swedish labour market. Outcome: hospital admission for a depressive episode; F32 in International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision. Exposure: employment status. Explanatory variables: gender and immigrant status. Confounders: age group, education and marital status. Cox regression models were used to estimate HRs with 95% CIs. Results The cohort comprised 3 284 896 adults, 47.5% women. An excess relative risk for hospitalisation was found among those who became unemployed (HR=1.94, 95% CI 1.85 to 2.03). Foreign-born women who experienced unemployment had the highest relative risk (HR=3.47 95% CI 3.02 to 3.98). Conclusions Among persons with a strong connection to the labour market experiencing unemployment, is a risk factor for hospitalisation for depressive disorders. Unemployed foreign-born women had the highest relative risk compared with all Swedish born, all foreign-born men and to employed foreign-born women.
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| 4. |
- Hollander, Anna-Clara, et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal study of mortality among refugees in Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 41:4, s. 1153-1161
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Refugee immigrants have poorer health than other immigrant groups but little is known about their mortality. A comparison of mortality among refugees and non- refugee immigrants is liable to exaggerate the former if the latter includes labour migrants, whose mortality risk may be lower than that of the general population. To avoid bias, labour migrants are not included in this study. The aim was to investigate mortality risks among refugees compared with non- labour non- refugee immigrants in Sweden. Methods Population-based cohort design, starting 1 January 1998 and ending with death or censoring 31 December 2006. Persons included in the study were those aged 18-64 years, had received a residence permit in Sweden 1992-98 and were defined by the Swedish Board of Migration as either a refugee or a non-labour non-refugee immigrant. The outcomes were all-cause and cause-specific mortalities and the main exposure was being a refugee. Cox-regression models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) of mortality. Results The study population totalled 86 395 persons, 49.3% women, 24.2 % refugees. Adjusted for age and origin, refugee men had an over-risk of cardiovascular mortality (HR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.08-2.33). With socio-economic factors added to the model, refugee men still had an over-risk mortality in cardiovascular disease (HR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.04-2.24) and external causes (HR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.01-2.50). Conclusion Refugee men in Sweden have a higher mortality risk in cardiovascular and external causes compared with male non-labour non-refugee immigrants. This study suggests that the refugee experience resembles other stressors in terms of the association with cardiovascular mortality.
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| 5. |
- Hollander, Anna-Clara
(författare)
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Social inequalities in mental health and mortality among refugees and other immigrants to Sweden : epidemiological studies of register data
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis aimed to increase knowledge, using population-based registers, of how pre- and post-migration factors and social determinants of health are associated with inequalities in mental health and mortality among refugees and other immigrants to Sweden. It addressed four research questions: (1) Are there differences in mental health status between refugees and non-refugee immigrants, and could the hypothesised differences explain mental health differences between immigrants from different countries or areas of origin? (2) Do refugee immigrants have higher mortality rates than non-refugee immigrants? (3) Does the combination of general social determinants of health and post-migration factors increase inequalities among men and women in the relative risk of hospitalisation because of depressive disorder? (4) Are there gender differences in how pre- and post-migration factors and social determinants of health are associated with mental health among immigrants? Study I & II had cross-sectional designs and used logistic regression analysis to study differences in mental health status between refugee and non-refugee immigrants. In Study I, there was a significant difference in poor mental health (measured by prescribed and purchased psychotropic drugs) between female refugees and non-refugees (OR = 1.27; CI = 1.15–1.40) when adjusted for socioeconomic factors. This difference was not present among males. In Study II, refugee men had a higher likelihood of poor mental health than non-refugees and the Swedish born. Female immigrants had a higher likelihood of poor mental health than Swedish-born women. Adjusted for socioeconomic factors, refugees of most origins had a higher likelihood of poor mental health than non-refugees of the same origin. Study III had a cohort design and analysed mortality rates among non-labour immigrants, using Cox regression analysis. Male refugees had a higher relative risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease (HR = 1.53; CI = 1.04–2.24) and external causes (HR = 1.59; CI = 1.01–2.50) than male non-refugees did, adjusted for socioeconomic factors. Study IV had a cohort design, used Cox regression, and included the population with a strong connection to the labour market in 1999 to analyse the relative risk of hospitalisation due to depressive disorder following unemployment. The lowest relative risk of depressive disorder was found among employed Swedish-born men; the highest risk was among foreign-born females who experienced unemployment during follow-up (HR = 3.47; CI = 3.02–3.98). In conclusion, immigrants, and particularly refugees, have poorer mental health than native Swedes. Refugee men have a higher relative mortality risk for cardiovascular disease and external causes of death than do non-refugees. The relative risk of hospitalisation due to depressive disorder following unemployment was highest among immigrant women. In order to promote mental health and reduce mortality among immigrants, it is important to consider pre- and post-migration factors as well as the general social determinants of health.
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| 6. |
- Hollander, Anna
(författare)
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Socialtjänst
- 2014. - 1
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Ingår i: Makt, myndighet, människa. - Uppsala : Iustus förlag. - 9789176788738 ; , s. 109-144
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Kjellbom, Pia, 1956-
(författare)
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Påtvingad avflyttning från bostad : En rättssociologisk studie av socialtjänstens roll i teori och praktik
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the study was to analyse what the law is in social services work with people at risk of a forced move-out from a rented apartment. When processing an application for financial aid when a client is at risk of a forced move-out from a home, a discretionary interpretation of the criteria in the Social Services Act is assumed. The legal norm belt constituting the social services role in theory typically makes up the limits of the discretionary space. However, different workplace norms may also have significant influence on the discretionary space around the provision of assistance. Such standards emerging from expressions in local policies (municipal guidelines) and procedures, and interactions with managers, colleagues and clients, are shaping the role of social services in practice. On top of this, differing standards regarding the role of law may have an impact.Key conclusions of the study are: (1) In the vast majority of landlord applications to the enforcement authorities, financial assistance from the social services had no bearing on the outcome of the case. (2) The rental law sometimes has a decisive influence over what is and can be the law in social services’ work for clients at risk of a forced move-out due to payment difficulties. ((3) There is a relatively high degree of consistency between norms in legal materials and different workplace standards. (4) Most of the standards identified in legal material and in social work practice have been categorized as related to either need or behaviour. Generally, it is concluded that need-related norms sometimes strongly imply protection not only for an existing home, but also for individual housing needs in general. In contrast, behaviour-related norms imply indifference in relation to not only an existing home but sometimes also to the applicant’s housing needs in general. These conditions create tensions in the social services’ decision-making and confusion about the aim of the individual needs assessment.
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| 8. |
- Ljungwald, Carina, 1975-
(författare)
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The Emergence of the Crime Victim in the Swedish Social Services Act
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study sought to explain how crime victims emerged as a target group in the Swedish Social Services Act in 2001. The findings, derived from legislative documents, a literature review, and focus group interviews with social workers, showed that the 2001 provisions both duplicated and undermined pre-existing provisions of the Social Services Act. The explicit aim of the reform was to improve services to crime victims. The provisions did not, however, change the legal responsibility of the social services, nor did they strengthen the social rights of crime victims. The social services already assumed responsibility for crime victims according to other provisions of the act. To some degree, the reform can be explained symbolically. Support for crime victims was a complicated issue for the social democratic government. The economic crisis of the early 1990s ruled out reforms that might bring high increased costs. Yet expanding crime victims’ rights at the expense of the offender (e.g. toughening penal law and promoting victim impact statements) was not in line with social democratic ideology. By enacting the 2001 provisions, the government showed its commitment to providing support to crime victims. At the same time, the provisions did not increase costs or strengthen crime victims’ rights. In this way, the provisions solved a political dilemma for the government. Incorporating the 2001 provisions in the Social Services Act may seem to have been a modest reform. Symbolic politics, however, are not empty; rather, they reflect attitudes and beliefs. This study proposed that the reform revealed the state’s increasing concern with violence against women and individual responsibility. Furthermore, the provisions may have constituted a normative reorientation of the Social Services Act, in which individual responsibility increasingly replaced solidarity, the holistic view, and a right to assistance according to need.
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| 9. |
- Smailhodzic, Dzenita, et al.
(författare)
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Zinc supplementation inhibits complement activation in age-related macular degeneration.
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the Western world. AMD is a multifactorial disorder but complement-mediated inflammation at the level of the retina plays a pivotal role. Oral zinc supplementation can reduce the progression of AMD but the precise mechanism of this protective effect is as yet unclear. We investigated whether zinc supplementation directly affects the degree of complement activation in AMD and whether there is a relation between serum complement catabolism during zinc administration and the complement factor H (CFH) gene or the Age-Related Maculopathy susceptibility 2 (ARMS2) genotype. In this open-label clinical study, 72 randomly selected AMD patients in various stages of AMD received a daily supplement of 50 mg zinc sulphate and 1 mg cupric sulphate for three months. Serum complement catabolism-defined as the C3d/C3 ratio-was measured at baseline, throughout the three months of supplementation and after discontinuation of zinc administration. Additionally, downstream inhibition of complement catabolism was evaluated by measurement of anaphylatoxin C5a. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of zinc on complement activation in vitro. AMD patients with high levels of complement catabolism at baseline exhibited a steeper decline in serum complement activation (p<0.001) during the three month zinc supplementation period compared to patients with low complement levels. There was no significant association of change in complement catabolism and CFH and ARMS2 genotype. In vitro zinc sulphate directly inhibits complement catabolism in hemolytic assays and membrane attack complex (MAC) deposition on RPE cells. This study provides evidence that daily administration of 50 mg zinc sulphate can inhibit complement catabolism in AMD patients with increased complement activation. This could explain part of the mechanism by which zinc slows AMD progression.
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| 10. |
- van de Ven, Johannes P. H., et al.
(författare)
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A functional variant in the CFI gene confers a high risk of age-related macular degeneration
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 45:7, s. 813-813
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Up to half of the heritability of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is explained by common variants(1-5). Here, we report the identification of a rare, highly penetrant missense mutation in CFI encoding a p.Gly119Arg substitution that confers high risk of AMD (P = 3.79 x 10(-6); odds ratio (OR) = 22.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.98-164.49). Plasma and sera from cases carrying the p.Gly119Arg substitution mediated the degradation of C3b, both in the fluid phase and on the cell surface, to a lesser extent than those from controls. Recombinant protein studies showed that the Gly119Arg mutant protein is both expressed and secreted at lower levels than wild-type protein. Consistent with these findings, human CFI mRNA encoding Arg119 had reduced activity compared to wild-type mRNA encoding Gly119 in regulating vessel thickness and branching in the zebrafish retina. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that rare, highly penetrant mutations contribute to the genetic burden of AMD.
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