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Sökning: WFRF:(Holmér Pettersson Pia) > (2000-2004)

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1.
  • Holmér Pettersson, Pia, et al. (författare)
  • Early bioavailability of paracetamol after oral or intravenous administration
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 48:7, s. 867-870
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background:  Paracetamol is a peripherally acting analgesic commonly used in multimodal post-operative pain management to reduce the need for more potent analgesics with their unwanted side-effects. The dose and optimal galenical form for achieving analgesic concentrations is not well defined. The primary aim of this pilot project was to study the early bioavailability for two fixed doses of orally administrated paracetamol and one dose of intravenous propacetamol, all of which were given after minor surgery.Methods:  Thirty-five patients undergoing day surgery were divided into five groups, seven patients each. Groups received either 1 g of an ordinary paracetamol tablet, 2 g of an ordinary paracetamol tablet, 1 g of a bicarbonate paracetamol tablet, 2 g of a bicarbonate paracetamol tablet or 2 g intravenously of prodrug propacetamol. We studied the plasma concentration of paracetamol during the first 80 min after administration.Results:  Within 40 min, intravenous propacetamol gave a median plasma paracetamol concentration of 85 µmol/l (range 65–161) and decreased thereafter. After oral administration, median plasma paracetamol concentration increased with increasing dose and time, but there were huge inter-individual differences at all time points studied. At 80 min after oral paracetamol the median plasma concentrations were 36 and 129 µmol/l for the 1- and 2-g groups, respectively, with an overall range between 0 and 306 µmol/l.Conclusion:  Oral administration of paracetamol as part of multimodal pain management immediately post-operatively resulted in a huge and unpredictable variation in plasma concentration compared with the intravenous administration.
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2.
  • Holmér Pettersson, Pia (författare)
  • Pain treatment after surgery : With special reference to patient-controlled analgesia, early extubation and the use of paracetamol
  • 2004
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The introduction of general anaesthesia eliminated pain during surgical operations. After surgery, however, pain and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) have remained a persistent problem for many patients. The need for analgesics varies widely among patients, therefore standardised treatment protocols are often insufficient pain treatment. Our studies dealt with the incidence and severity of pain and PONV after cardiac surgery. Study aims were to use and develop techniques for better evaluation of analgesic needs – visual analogue scale (VAS; 0 to 10) – and to develop a multimodal treatment of pain with opioids administered by the patients themselves – Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA) – combined with paracetamol. In 48 patients, PCA was compared to conventional Nurse Controlled Analgesia (NCA) on the ward after coronary artery bypass surgery. PCA led to lower VAS-scores, i.e. less pain, with the use of more opioids. In 57 patients, pain after heart surgery was compared for extubation “early” at 3 hours or “late” at 7 hours after surgery. VAS-scores, PONV and the amount of opioids used were similar whether patients were extubated early or late. Rectal and intravenous (i.v.) administration of paracetamol was compared in 28 patients after heart surgery with respect to its bioavailability after repeated doses. Plasma concentrations after the first dose were low with rectal administration. After the fourth dose at 24 hours they reached a plateau. With i.v. administration concentrations were higher both after the first and fourth dose. Oral and i.v. paracetamol was compared in 80 patients after heart surgery and in 35 patients after day surgery (hernia repairs etc). After heart surgery the use of opioids was less in the i.v. group but VAS-scores and PONV were similar. A majority of the patients scored higher than 3 once or more than once on the 10 degree VAS-scale. In the oral group after day surgery, the plasma concentration increased in a dose-dependent manner but the scatter was wide and unpredictable as compared to the i.v. group. Conclusions: PCA is a promising alternative to NCA for adequate pain treatment in the wards after heart surgery and is “by itself” adjusted to the needs of the individual patient. There is no risk that early extubation after cardiac surgery is followed by more postoperative pain. Intravenous paracetamol seems to have an opioid-sparing potential after heart surgery. Our routines must be further developed and more studies are needed to find an optimal regimen, since pain treatment sometimes was insufficient in many patients receiving the combined therapy.
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3.
  • Holmér Pettersson, Pia, et al. (författare)
  • Patient-controlled versus nurse-controlled pain treatment after coronary artery bypass surgery
  • 2000
  • Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 44:1, s. 43-47
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Pain after coronary artery bypass surgery persists for several days. A continuous intravenous infusion of an opioid adequately accomplishes good pain control in the intensive care unit, but it is often not suitable on the ordinary ward. Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with intermittent injections delivered by one of the new devices now available could be an alternative to conventional nurse-controlled analgesia (NCA) based on intermittent injections. The aim was to compare these two techniques with respect to efficacy and the amount of opioid used.Methods: Forty-eight patients randomly received PCA or NCA with ketobemidone following extubation after coronary artery bypass grafting. Drug consumption, pain assessment with the visual analogue score (VAS) and possible side effects were evaluated from extubation to the end of the second postoperative day.Results: On the day of surgery the VAS scores did not differ between the groups. From the afternoon of the first postoperative day the VAS scores were higher in the NCA group with mean values at 3–4 out of 10 as compared with mean values around 2 in the PCA group (P<0.01). During the study period the patients in the PCA group received more ketobemidone as compared with the NCA group, 61.9±24.0 mg and 36.3±20.2 mg, respectively (P<0.01). Additional oral analgesics were used in 12 of the patients in the NCA group compared with none in the PCA group. The few side effects reported were equally distributed between the two groups.Conclusion: PCA treatment after coronary artery bypass surgery resulted in better pain treatment and the use of more opioid without an increase in side effects compared with traditional NCA treatment.
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4.
  • Holmér Pettersson, Pia, et al. (författare)
  • Similar pain scores after early and late extubation in heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1053-0770 .- 1532-8422. ; 18:1, s. 64-67
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: To investigate if early extubation, 2 hours after surgery, would result in more postoperative pain or in an increased use of opioid analgesics compared with late extubation, 6 hours after surgery.Design: Prospective, randomized study.Setting: Intensive care unit, university hospital.Participants: Sixty patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.Interventions: Patients were randomized into 2 groups: extubation at about 2 (early) or 6 (late) hours. Anesthesia was based on propofol and remifentanil. There was no epidural analgesia and no local anesthesia in the wound. A bolus of the opioid ketobemidone was administered toward the end of surgery followed by a continuous infusion.Measurements and Main Results: Pain, provoked during deep breathing or coughing, evaluated with a visual analog scale (VAS) going from 0 to 10, was measured after extubation, and at 8 and 16 hours after surgery. Unprovoked pain was measured hourly. If VAS was greater than 3, the infusion rate was increased and a bolus of ketobemidone was given. Three patients in the late group were excluded because of incomplete data. Pain did not differ between the early and late groups at any time. In all patients, 21 never scored >3, 11 scored >3 once, and 25 scored >3 more than once. Nine patients had 1 score >5. The amount of ketobemidone was similar in both groups.Conclusions: Early extubation had no negative effect on the quality of postoperative pain control and was not followed by an increased use of analgesics.
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