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- Kåberger, Tomas, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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An environmental tax-shift with indirect desirable effects
- 1994
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Ingår i: International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology. ; 1, s. 250-258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Imposing environmental taxation on external costs of energy will not only affect the environmental impact of the energy sector itself, but it will tend to decrease environmental damage from other sectors of the economy as well. We have assessed the effects of a shift of taxation from taxing labour to taxation of external costs caused in the energy sector. Several examples give results compatible with the hypothesis that the changing pricerelation between labour and energy resulting from such a tax shift will make re-use, repairs and recycling increasingly competitive and thus tend to decrease mining as well as waste production. Likewise, less energy-intensive commodities and services in generalwould become increasingly competitive, and would tend to decrease the environmental load further. These environmentally desirable effects are beyond the taxed external effects of the energy sector itself and occur as an indirect effect of the increased relative price of energy.
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- Holmberg, John, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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On designing socio-ecological indicators
- 1992
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Ingår i: Svedin U, B Hägerhäll Aniansson (eds). Society and the Environment: A Swedish Research Perspective. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1992. - 0792317963 ; , s. 89-106
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is a need for indicators which capture the essential parts of society in the maladjustments of its physical relations to nature. The socio-ecological indicators should contribute to the control mechanisms that are urgently needed if society is to be able to redirect itself to a path of development which is subordinated to sustainable interactions with nature. An analysis of various factors important to the design of socio-ecological indicators is performed here. An important aspect of the socio-ecological indicators is that they will focus on parts situated early in the cause-effect chain. This implies better possibilities for foresights when dealing with the global, complex, or diffuse problems in connection to sustainability. The indicators can be useful in many situations: as a support for discussions among decisions-makers and the general public, as a part of environmental impact analysis, and as a tool in the evaluation of various plans or projects.
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