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- Holmgren, Susanne, 1946, et al.
(författare)
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Nervous system of the gut
- 2011
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Ingår i: Encyclopedia of Fish Physiology: From Genome to Environment (AP Farrell ed.) Integrated function and control of the gut (S Holmgren, C Olsson, section eds.). - : Elsevier. - 9780080923239 ; , s. 1332-1340
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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- Jönsson, Elisabeth, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Endocrine systems of the gut
- 2011
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Ingår i: Encyclopedia of Fish Physiology: From gene to environment. (A.P. Farrell ed). Elsevier. - : Academic Press. - 9780123745453 ; , s. 1341-1347
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The gut endocrine system comprises dispersed enteroendocrine cells in its epithelium. These cells produce many different hormones, with important roles in control of gastrointestinal functions such as appetite and food processing. Many hormones like serotonin are present both in gut nerves and/or endocrine cells, and others, like glucagon-like peptide-1, are secreted both from pancreas and intestinal mucosa. The effects range from local paracrine (or neurocrine) to broad general effects. Histamine and somatostatin produced by stomach mucosa locally stimulate the stomach to release gastric acid. Cholecystokinin produced by intestinal cells has broader effects, inducing gallbladder contraction and inhibiting appetite. Ghrelin has even more widespread effects, being a potent growth hormone secretagog and appetite regulator, besides having other functions. Leptin was only recently discovered in fish gut.
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| 6. |
- Olsson, Catharina, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Autonomic control of gut motility: A comparative view.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical. - : Elsevier BV. - 1566-0702. ; 165:1, s. 80-101
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gut motility is regulated to optimize food transport and processing. The autonomic innervation of the gut generally includes extrinsic cranial and spinal autonomic nerves. It also comprises the nerves contained entirely within the gut wall, i.e. the enteric nervous system. The extrinsic and enteric nervous control follows a similar pattern throughout the vertebrate groups. However, differences are common and may occur between groups and families as well as between closely related species. In this review, we give an overview of the distribution and effects of common neurotransmitters in the vertebrate gut. While the focus is on birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish, mammalian data are included to form the background for comparisons. While some transmitters, like acetylcholine and nitric oxide, show similar distribution patterns and effects in most species investigated, the role of others is more varying. The significance for these differences is not yet fully understood, emphasizing the need for continued comparative studies of autonomic control.
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