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- Edman, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of oral status in an adult population 35-75 year of age in the county of Dalarna, Sweden in 1983 and 2008
- 2012
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Ingår i: Swedish Dental Journal. - Jönköping : Swedish Dental Association. - 0347-9994. ; 36:2, s. 61-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to study the prevalence and distribution of number of teeth, number of intact and decayed teeth and prevalence and distribution of removable dentures and periodontal disease over 25 years 1983-2008. Two cross-sectional studies (EpiWux) were performed in the County of Dalarna, Sweden in 1983 and 2008. In the 1983 study a random sample of 1012 individuals were invited to participate in this epidemiological and clinical study and 1440 individuals in 2008. A total number of 1695 individuals, stratified into geographical areas (rural and urban areas), in the age groups 35, 50,65 and 75 answered a questionnaire and were also clinically and radiographically examined. The number of edentulous individuals decreased from 15% in 1983 to 3 % in 2008. Number of teeth increased from 22.7 in 1983 to 24.2 in 2008 and decayed surfaces per tooth showed a three-time reduction over this period of time. As a consequence of better oral status the prevalence of complete removable dentures in both jaws decreased from 15 % in 1983 to 2 % in 2008. Individuals with moderate periodontitis decreased from 45 % in 1983 to 16 % in 2008. Conclusion: Covering a period of 25 years the present study can report dramatic improvements in all aspects of dental status that were investigated. This is encouraging for dental care professionals, but will not necessarily lead to less demand for dental care in the future as the population is aging with a substantial increase in number of teeth.
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| 3. |
- Edman, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Trends over 30 years in the prevalence and severity of alveolar bone loss and the influence of smoking and socio-economic factors : based on epidemiological surveys in Sweden 1983-2013
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Dental Hygiene. - : Wiley. - 1601-5029 .- 1601-5037. ; 13:4, s. 283-291
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Epidemiological studies of the prevalence of periodontitis over an extended time using the same methodology to investigate and classify periodontitis are sparse in the literature. Smoking and socio-economic factors have been proven to increase the risk for periodontal disease. The objective of this study was to investigate 30-year time trends, using the same methodology to classify the prevalence and severity in alveolar bone loss (ABL) and to investigate the influence of tobacco and socio-economic factors.METHODS: Four cross-sectional epidemiological studies in an adult population were performed in the county of Dalarna, Sweden, in 1983, 2003, 2008 and 2013. Random samples of 787-1133 individuals aged 35-85 who answered a questionnaire about tobacco use and socio-economic factors were radiographically and clinically examined. A number of teeth, ABL and calculus visible on radiographs were registered. The severity of ABL as detected on radiographs was classified into no bone loss, moderate or severe.RESULTS: The prevalence of moderate ABL decreased from 45% in 1983 to 16% in 2008, but increased to 33% in 2013 (P < 0.05). The prevalence of severe ABL remained the same from 1983 (7%) to 2013 (6%). Calculus visible on radiographs increased from 22% in 2008 to 32% in 2013 (P < 0.05). Socio-economic factors had limited impact on the severity of ABL.CONCLUSION: Moderate ABL and calculus visible on radiographs significantly increased between 2008 and 2013. Smoking was the strongest factor associated with ABL overall.
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| 4. |
- Holmlund, Dan
(författare)
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On medical treatment for ureteral stone expulsion
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of urology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2168-1805 .- 2168-1813. ; 52:2, s. 94-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is evidence that α-adrenoceptor (α-AR) antagonists facilitate the passage of ureteric stones, but the mechanism behind this effect has not been established. If one accepts that it is the friction between a ureteral stone and the mucosa that hampers the passage of the stone, and that the passage traumatizes the mucosa, the aim of treatment must be to reduce this friction. Elevated pressure above an obstructing stone results in an increase in tension in the wall of the upper urinary tract, including the tension at stone level, which causes an increase in friction and ureteric colic. Reducing pressure, by low but adequate fluid intake, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), or α-AR antagonists that reduce the friction and give pain relief, seems to be rational. When the stone is pressed downwards by a high pressure the mucosa forms a bar ahead of the stone. These factors reduce the ureteral lumen and hamper the passage of both urine and the stone. The swelling can be reduced by NSAIDs. Filling of the ureter ahead of the stone reduces the friction between the stone and the ureteral mucosa. Evacuation of the urine ahead of the stone by effective peristaltic activity increases this friction. α-AR antagonists that reduce peristalsis may therefore be used to reduce the friction and consequently allow the stones to pass more often and earlier. For very early stone expulsion, a combination of NSAIDs and α-AR antagonists may be useful. There is no evidence that spasm influences the passage of ureteral stones.
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