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- Gromov, Sergey P, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis, Structure, Spectroscopic Studies, and Complexation of Novel Crown Ether Butadienyl Dyes
- 2002
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Ingår i: Helvetica Chimica Acta. ; 85:1, s. 60-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Butadienyl dyes of the benzothiazole series with various fragments of benzocrown ethers 1a-c were synthesized for the first time. The structures and spectral properties of crown-containing butadienyl dyes and their complexes with alkali and alkaline-earth metal cations were studied by X-ray diffraction analysis and 1H-NMR, UV/VIS, and resonance Raman spectroscopy. To interpret the experimental results, quantum-chemical calculations were performed. In the case of Sr2+ and Ba2+ ions, the formation of strong sandwich complexes [M(1b)2]2+ of an unusual structure involving stacking interactions was established; the dye molecules are arranged one above another in the complex according to the head-to-head' pattern.
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| 3. |
- Lettevall, Erland, et al.
(författare)
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Social structure and residency in aggregations of male sperm whales
- 2002
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Ingår i: Canadian Journal of Zoology-Revue Canadienne De Zoologie. - 0008-4301. ; 80:7, s. 1189-1196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) are sexually dimorphic in several respects, including size, latitudinal distribution, and social structure. Females are known to have complex social structures, including long-term bonds, but the social structures of sexually mature or maturing males have received much less attention. Using data from aggregations of males off Norway, Nova Scotia, New Zealand, and the Galapagos Islands, we examined aggregation size, residence times within aggregations, clustering at the surface, and long-term bonds. Results were generally consistent among study areas. The aggregations found in each area contained around 10-30 males at any time, and were usually a few tens of kilometres across. Mean residence times within aggregations ranged from a few days to a few weeks. Close clustering at the surface was rare, but present at each site. There was no evidence for preferred companionship between individuals at any temporal scale in any of the study areas. The rarity of clustering and the apparent lack of long-term relationships amongst male sperm whales contrast strongly with results of studies on females, suggesting that both close spatial proximity at the surface and permanent bonds between individuals may be a consequence of the need for care of the young.
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| 4. |
- Moralejo, Daniel H, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic dissection of lymphopenia from autoimmunity by introgression of mutated Ian5 gene onto the F344 rat.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Autoimmunity. - 0896-8411. ; 21:4, s. 315-324
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Peripheral T cell lymphopenia (lyp) in the BioBreeding (BB) rat is linked to a frameshift mutation in Ian5, a member of the Immune Associated Nucleotide (Ian) gene family on rat chromosome 4. This lymphopenia leads to type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (T1DM) at rates up to 100% when combined with the BB rat MHC RT1 u/u genotype. In order, to better study the lymphopenia phenotype without possible confounding effects of diabetes or other autoimmune disease, we generated congenic F344.lyp rats by introgression of lyp on diabetes-resistant MHC RT1 lv1/lv1 F344 rats. Analysis of thymic CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes revealed no difference in the percentage of CD4(-)CD8(+)and CD4(+)CD8(-)subsets in lyp/lyp compared to +/+ F344 rats. The same subsets was however dramatically reduced in blood (P=0.005), spleen (P=0.019) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) (P<0.0001). Compared to F344 +/+ rats double positive CD4(+)CD8(+)T cells were increased only in lyp/lyp spleen (P=0.034) while double n
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