| 1. |
- Almeida, Teresa, et al.
(författare)
-
Woman-Centered Design through Humanity, Activism, and Inclusion
- 2020
-
Ingår i: ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction. - New York : ACM Digital Library. - 1073-0516 .- 1557-7325. ; 27:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Women account for over half of the global population, however, continue to be subject to systematic and systemic disadvantage, particularly in terms of access to health and education. At every intersection, where systemic inequality accounts for greater loss of life or limitations on full and healthy living, women are more greatly impacted by those inequalities. The design of technologies is no different, the very definition of technology is historically cast in terms of male activities, and advancements in the field are critical to improve women's quality of life. This article views HCI, a relatively new field, as well positioned to act critically in the ways that technology serve, refigure, and redefine women's bodies. Indeed, the female body remains a contested topic, a restriction to the development of women's health. On one hand, the field of women's health has attended to the medicalization of the body and therefore is to be understood through medical language and knowledge. On the other hand, the framing of issues associated with women's health and people's experiences of and within such system(s) remain problematic for many. This is visible today in, e.g., socio-cultural practices in disparate geographies or medical devices within a clinic or the home. Moreover, the biological body is part of a great unmentionable, i.e., the perils of essentialism. We contend that it is necessary, pragmatically and ethically, for HCI to turn its attention toward a woman-centered design approach. While previous research has argued for the dangers of gender-demarcated design work, we advance that designing for and with women should not be regarded as ghettoizing, but instead as critical to improving women's experiences in bodily transactions, choices, rights, and access to and in health and care. In this article, we consider how and why designing with and for woman matters. We use our design-led research as a way to speak to and illustrate alternatives to designing for and with women within HCI.
|
|
| 2. |
- Amoateng, P., et al.
(författare)
-
Synedrella nodiflora Extract Depresses Excitatory Synaptic Transmission and Chemically-Induced In Vitro Seizures in the Rat Hippocampus
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Pharmacology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1663-9812. ; 12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extracts of the tropical Cinderella plant Synedrella nodiflora are used traditionally to manage convulsive conditions in the West African sub-region. This study sought to determine the neuronal basis of the effectiveness of these plant extracts to suppress seizure activity. Using the hippocampal slice preparation from rats, the ability of the extract to depress excitatory synaptic transmission and in vitro seizure activity were investigated. Bath perfusion of the hydro-ethanolic extract of Synedrella nodiflora (SNE) caused a concentration-dependent depression of evoked field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) recorded extracellularly in the CA1 region of the hippocampus with maximal depression of about 80% and an estimated IC50 of 0.06 mg/ml. The SNE-induced fEPSP depression was accompanied by an increase in paired pulse facilitation. The fEPSP depression only recovered partially after 20 min washing out. The effect of SNE was not stimulus dependent as it was present even in the absence of synaptic stimulation. Furthermore, it did not show desensitization as repeat application after 10 min washout produced the same level of fEPSP depression as the first application. The SNE effect on fEPSPs was not via adenosine release as it was neither blocked nor reversed by 8-CPT, an adenosine A(1) receptor antagonist. In addition, SNE depressed in vitro seizures induced by zero Mg2+ and high K+ -containing artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) in a concentration-dependent manner. The results show that SNE depresses fEPSPs and spontaneous bursting activity in hippocampal neurons that may underlie its ability to abort convulsive activity in persons with epilepsy.
|
|
| 3. |
- Eichner, Meri, et al.
(författare)
-
N2 fixation in free-floating filaments of Trichodesmium is higher than in transiently suboxic colony microenvironments
- 2019
-
Ingår i: New Phytologist. - : Wiley. - 1469-8137 .- 0028-646X. ; 222:2, s. 852-863
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To understand the role of micrometer‐scale oxygen (O2) gradients in facilitating dinitrogen (N2) fixation, we characterized O2 dynamics in the microenvironment around free‐floating trichomes and colonies of Trichodesmium erythraeum IMS101. Diurnal and spatial variability in O2 concentrations in the bulk medium, within colonies, along trichomes and within single cells were determined using O2 optodes, microsensors and model calculations. Carbon (C) and N2 fixation as well as O2 evolution and uptake under different O2 concentrations were analyzed by stable isotope incubations and membrane inlet mass spectrometry. We observed a pronounced diel rhythm in O2 fluxes, with net O2 evolution restricted to short periods in the morning and evening, and net O2 uptake driven by dark respiration and light‐dependent O2 uptake during the major part of the light period. Remarkably, colonies showed lower N2 fixation and C fixation rates than free‐floating trichomes despite the long period of O2 undersaturation in the colony microenvironment. Model calculations demonstrate that low permeability of the cell wall in combination with metabolic heterogeneity between single cells allows for anoxic intracellular conditions in colonies but also free‐floating trichomes of Trichodesmium. Therefore, whereas colony formation must have benefits for Trichodesmium, it does not favor N2 fixation.
|
|
| 4. |
- Eichsteller, Angelina, et al.
(författare)
-
DNA Barcoding of Cold-Water Coral-Associated Ophiuroid Fauna from the North Atlantic
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Diversity. - : MDPI AG. - 1424-2818. ; 14:5, s. 358-358
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study we focus on the ophiuroid species associated with cold-water corals south of Iceland. The specimens were sampled with the ROV Phoca (GEOMAR) in three different areas, during the recent expedition MSM75 connected to the IceAGE_RR (Icelandic marine Animals: Genetics and Ecology_Reykjanes Ridge hydrothermal vent activity) project. In each area, several corals were sampled and the ophiuroid specimens identified to the species level. The integrative taxonomic approach, based on morphological characters and DNA barcoding with COI of the collected ophiuroids, revealed five species that live on corals: Ophiomitrella clavigera (Ljungman, 1865); Ophiomyxa serpentaria (Lyman, 1883); Ophiacantha cuspidata (Lyman, 1879); Ophiactis abyssicola (M. Sars, 1861); and Ophiolebes bacata Koehler, 1921. Some of the sampled deep-sea corals exclusively host the species O.clavigera. The collected species are therefore associated with different corals but do not demonstrate a species-specific distribution. The video data support the integrative taxonomy and confirm the ecological evidence.
|
|
| 5. |
- Eick, Sigrun, et al.
(författare)
-
Adhesion of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia to dentin and titanium with sandblasted and acid etched surface coated with serum and serum proteins - An in vitro study
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Archives of Oral Biology. - : Elsevier. - 0003-9969 .- 1879-1506. ; 75, s. 81-88
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate the adhesion of selected bacterial strains incl. expression of important virulence factors at dentin and titanium SLA surfaces coated with layers of serum proteins. Methods: Dentin-and moderately rough SLA titanium-discs were coated overnight with human serum, or IgG, or human serum albumin (HSA). Thereafter, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, or a six species mixture were added for 4 h and 24 h. The number of adhered bacteria (colony forming units; CFU) was determined. Arg-gingipain activity of P. gingivalis and mRNA expressions of P. gingivalis and T forsythia proteases and T. forsythia protease inhibitor were measured. Results: Coating specimens never resulted in differences exceeding 1.1 log10 CFU, comparing to controls, irrespective the substrate. Counts of T forsythia were statistically significantly higher at titanium than dentin, the difference was up to 3.7 log10 CFU after 24 h (p = 0.002). No statistically significant variation regarding adhesion of the mixed culture was detected between surfaces or among coatings. Arggingipain activity of P. gingivalis was associated with 1og10 CFU but not with the surface or the coating. Titanium negatively influenced mRNA expression of T. forsythia protease inhibitor at 24 h (p = 0.026 uncoated, p = 0.009 with serum). Conclusions: The present findings indicate that: a) single bacterial species (T forsythia) can adhere more readily to titanium SLA than to dentin, b) low expression of T. forsythia protease inhibitor may influence the virulence of the species on titanium SLA surfaces in comparison with teeth, and c) surface properties (e.g. material and/or protein layers) do not appear to significantly influence multi-species adhesion. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 6. |
- Elbornsson, Jonas
(författare)
-
Identification of AD Converter
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Second Conference on Computer Science and Systems Engineering. ; , s. 45-50
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- For small integrated CMOS digital chips that communicate via analog signals the size and the cost of the AD-converters is a problem. An integrated CMOS AD-converter that could be built into the chip would solve this problem. In a CMOS process, the manufacturers only guarantee a very low accuracy of the recistances. The components of the ADC is therefore very inaccurate. The purpose of this report is to present a method for identication of the errors in the ADC and to perform simulations that evaluate the method. The estimated values can then be used in the chip to compensate for the errors in the ADC.
|
|
| 7. |
- Fransson, Åsa, 1971, et al.
(författare)
-
Bentonite rock interaction experiment: A hydro-structural-mechanical approach
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Engineering Geology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-7952. ; 281
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deformation zones and fractures are of major importance to engineering and to the characterisation of the mechanical- and hydraulic behaviour of rock. In this paper we demonstrate how structural mapping can provide key information on fracture sets and their properties, and how it can be used to investigate conformity between different working scales. This is shown by the detailed structural mapping related to the experiment "BRIE" - Bentonite Rock Interaction Experiment. "BRIE" was carried out in a tunnel of the Aspo Hard Rock Laboratory, Sweden, in crystalline rock. The implemented approach relied on a multidisciplinary and trans-stadial investigation to compile and interpret all the hydrogeological, structural and rock mechanical constraints as inputs to modelling. To this end, available data from all BRIE construction- and experimental stages were used to characterise natural and induced rock stresses. Results from detailed structural mapping of the tunnel and drill cores recovered from the tunnel floor were key for sound rock mechanical modelling and were successfully integrated with the available hydrogeological observations. Structural mapping was used to define five systematic fracture sets, key fractures and their properties (size, friction angle and normal stiffness) and to establish a simple deformation history. Furthermore, the structural features exposed in the studied tunnel and in the logged BRIE cores were compared with those of an adjacent Aspo HRL tunnel. Both sites structurally fit the sub regional tectonic framework, thus showing conformity between very different observation scales.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
