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- Li, Y, et al.
(författare)
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Robustness of Air Distribution in Plenum-Based Ductless Ventilation Systems
- 2004
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Ventilation. - 1473-3315 .- 2044-4044. ; 3:2, s. 105-118
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper introduces a concept of robustness of an air distribution method, which is defined as being capable of meeting the ventilation requirements during varying operational conditions. The robustness performance may be particularly important when the system allows individual control of the supply air parameters. As a preliminary example, plenum-based (ductless) air distribution methods are studied using computational fluid dynamics. Among the four basic air distribution methods in plenum-based systems, it is found that the floor supply and ceiling return system does not always produce the conventional displacement ventilation system performance when the heat sources are not concentrated. The ceiling supply with ceiling return produces the best robustness performance over a wide range of supply velocities.
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- Tay, GK, et al.
(författare)
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PERB11 (MIC) : a polymorphic MHC gene is expressed in skin and single nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with psoriasis.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Immunology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0009-9104 .- 1365-2249. ; 119:3, s. 553-558
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The susceptibility genes for psoriasis remain to be identified. At least one of these must be in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) to explain associations with alleles at human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-A, -B, -C, -DR, -DQ and C4. In fact, most of these alleles are components of just two ancestral haplotypes (AHs) designated 13.1 and 57.1. Although relevant MHC gene(s) could be within a region of at least 4 Mb, most studies have favoured the area near HLA-B and -C. This region contains a large number of non-HLA genes, many of which are duplicated and polymorphic. Members of one such gene family, PERB11.1 and PERB11.2, are expressed in the skin and are encoded in the region between tumour necrosis factor and HLA-B. To investigate the relationship of PERB11.1 alleles to psoriasis, sequence based typing was performed on 97 patients classified according to age of onset and family history. The frequency of the PERB11.1*06 allele is 44% in type I psoriasis but only 7% in controls (Pc = 0.003 by Fisher's exact test, two-tailed). The major determinant of this association is a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within intron 4. In normal and affected skin, expression of PERB11 is mainly in the basal layer of the epidermis including ducts and follicles. PERB11 is also present in the upper keratin layers but there is relative deficiency in the intermediate layers. These findings suggest a possible role for PERB11 and other MHC genes in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
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