| 1. |
- Abdelaziz, Omar Y., et al.
(författare)
-
Conceptual Design of a Kraft Lignin Biorefinery for the Production of Valuable Chemicals via Oxidative Depolymerization
- 2020
-
Ingår i: ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2168-0485. ; 8:23, s. 8823-8829
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lignin is the most abundant aromatic biopolymer on Earth, and its aromatic structure makes it a promising platform for the production of biobased chemicals and other valuable building blocks. The valorization of lignin into chemicals currently presents a challenge, and its facilitation is key in the development of viable lignocellulosic biorefinery processes. This study presents a conceptual design for a recently demonstrated process for lignin oxidative depolymerization. Modeling, simulation, and analysis were performed based on experimental data to assess the viability of the process. Mass and energy balances and main design data were determined for a 700 t/y kraft lignin biorefinery. The production capacity of aromatic chemicals, including vanillin, vanillic acid, guaiacol, and acetovanillone, was 0.3 kg aromatics/kg net lignin use. A heat-integrated process design is suggested, and the energy demands and the CO2 emissions are evaluated and compared. Assuming an interest rate of 10% and a plant lifetime of 10 years, the return on investment was calculated to be 14%, indicating that such a biorefinery is viable. A sensitivity analysis was carried out to assess the impact of the vanillin selling price and the cost of lignin on the profitability of the process. A quantitative investigation of process sustainability resulted in an E-factor of ∼1.6 for the entire synthetic route, that is, 38% material efficiency. The findings of this study underline the need for further research to develop efficient lignin conversion technologies with attractive yields in order to increase profitability on an industrial scale.
|
|
| 2. |
- Zhu, Ping, et al.
(författare)
-
New synthetic approaches to biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 2452-2236. ; 21, s. 16-21
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lignocellulose from terrestrial plant biomass is abundant and contains polymeric carbohydrates and lignin; both recognized as attractive renewable feedstocks for energy, chemicals and materials as alternatives to fossils to meet the targets for future sustainable development. Liquid biofuels are particularly important renewable commodities because of the vast infrastructure already in place to use them, especially for transportation, and efficient synthetic approaches and viable commercial manufacture processes are under development for both drop-in fuels and new fuel compounds. This work surveys the recent trends in lignocellulosic biomass conversion into fuels, and highlights innovative synthetic approaches based on novel chemo- and bio-catalyst systems and process strategies using biomass-derived carbohydrates and technical lignin.
|
|
