| 1. |
- Elam Edwén, Cecilia, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Stretch-shortening cycle muscle power in women and men aged 18-81 years: Influence of age and gender
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. - : Wiley. - 0905-7188. ; 24:4, s. 717-726
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explored the age-related deterioration in stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) muscle power and concurrent force-velocity properties in women and men across the adult life span. A total of 315 participants (women: n = 188; men: n = 127) aged 18-81 years performed maximal countermovement jumps on an instrumented force plate. Maximal SSC leg extension power expressed per kg body mass (Ppeak) was greater in men than in women across the adult age span (P < 0.001); however, this gender difference was progressively reduced with increasing age, because men showed an similar to 50% faster rate of decline in SSC power than women (P < 0.001). Velocity at peak power (VPpeak) was greater in men than in women (P < 0.001) but declined at a greater rate in men than in women (P = 0.002). Vertical ground reaction force at peak power (FPpeak) was higher in men than in women in younger adults only (P < 0.001) and the age-related decline was steeper in men than in women (P < 0.001). Men demonstrated a steeper rate of decline in Ppeak than women with progressive aging. This novel finding emerged as a result of greater age-related losses in men for both force and velocity. Consequently, maximal SSC power production was observed to converge between genders when approaching old age.
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| 2. |
- Grönberg, Anne Marie, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Individually adapted nutritional intervention reduces dietary problems and improves physical function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Aging Research & Clinical Practice (JARCP). - 2258-8094. ; 1:1, s. 98-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dietary problems are common in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and affect energy intake and nutritional status. The aim was to investigate effects of dietary counselling on dietary problems during a 12-month rehabilitation programme for patients with COPD. In 73 subjects with severe COPD, nutritional status was assessed by body mass index (BMI) and fat free mass index (FFMI) by single frequency bioelectrical impedance. Energy intake was calculated. The subjects were asked to describe any dietary problem they experienced. A six-minute walking test (6MWT) was performed to assess physical function. After 12 months of individually adapted nutritional intervention, 67 subjects were assessed by the same parameters. The number of dietary problems was reduced from 98 to 68. A significantly smaller group reported ” Fear of gaining weight” and ”Diarrhoea” (p<0.05). The patients succeeding in reducing their dietary problems also improved physical function indicated by significant improvements in 6MWT (mean 29.4 meters) after 12 months compared to baseline (p=0.023). Individually adapted dietary counselling can reduce the number of dietary problems. The results underline the importance of identifying dietary problems specific to the individuals as a means for improving nutritional status and physical function.
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| 3. |
- Gudmundsson, Pia, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Depression in Swedish women: relationship to factors at birth.
- 2011
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Ingår i: European journal of epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7284 .- 0393-2990. ; 26:1, s. 55-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Depression is a common and serious disorder that may have developmental origins. Birth-related factors have been related to childhood and adult occurrence of somatic as well as psychiatric disorders, but studies on the relationship between birth-related factors and depression are few and show mixed results. In addition, varying methods have been used to assess depression. Standardized clinical criteria to diagnose depression, combined with birth data collected from midwife records have not been used in most studies. Participants in the Prospective Population Study of Women in Sweden (803 women), born 1914, 1918, 1922 and 1930, provide information on birth factors and depression. Women participated from 1968 at mid-life ages of 38-60years, to 2000, when they were age 78-92years. Original birth records containing birth weight, length, head circumference, and gestational time, as well as social factors were obtained. Lifetime depression was diagnosed via multiple information sources. Symptoms were assessed using the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale and diagnoses were based on DSM-III-R criteria. Over their lifetime, 44.6% of women in this sample experienced depression. Birth weights≤3500g [odds ratio (OR), age-adjusted=1.72; 95% CI 1.29-2.28, P<0.001] and shorter gestational time (OR, age-adjusted=1.13; 95% CI 1.04-1.24, P=0.005) were independently associated with a higher odds of lifetime depression in a logistic regression model adjusted for age. Lower than median birth weights and shorter gestational time were related to lifetime depression in women. Both neurodevelopmental and environmental contributions to lifetime depression may be considered.
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| 4. |
- Hoppe, Michael, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Heme iron-based dietary intervention for improvement of iron status in young women.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0899-9007. ; 29:1, s. 89-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Conventional iron deficiency treatment with pharmacologic iron doses often causes side effects. Heme iron has high bioavailability and a low capacity to cause gastrointestinal side effects. This study investigated the possibility of using heme iron in the form of blood-based crisp bread as a diet-based treatment program to improve the iron status of women of reproductive age. METHODS: In a 12-wk intervention study, 77 women (mean age 24 y) were assigned to one of four groups: blood-based crisp bread (35 mg of iron [Fe], 27 mg of which was heme Fe), iron supplementation consisting of 35 mg of non-heme iron/day (Fe35), iron supplementation consisting of 60 mg of non-heme iron/day (Fe60), and controls (iron-free tablets). RESULTS: Body iron increased significantly in the crisp bread group by a median of 2.7 mg/kg (interquartile range 3.1, n = 18), in the Fe35 group by 2.7 mg/kg (interquartile range 2.8, n = 11), and in the Fe60 group by 4.1 mg/kg (interquartile range 3.6, n = 13), whereas no change was observed in the control group. No statistically significant difference in iron status increase was observed between the crisp bread group compared with the two iron-supplemented groups. CONCLUSION: Dietary-based treatment containing heme iron has few side effects and can be used efficiently to improve the iron status of women of reproductive age.
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| 6. |
- Hulthén, Lena, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Salt intake in young Swedish men.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Public health nutrition. - 1475-2727. ; 13:5, s. 601-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To measure dietary salt intake in a Swedish population. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study with measured 24 h urinary excretion of Na and K. Completeness of urine collection was assessed using p-aminobenzoic acid. The subjects were interviewed on their habitual food intake. SETTING: Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. SUBJECTS: Eighty-six young men (age 18-20 years), randomly selected from the population of Gothenburg. Seven men were excluded due to incomplete urine collection. RESULTS: The mean excretion of Na and K over 24 h was 198 and 84 mmol, respectively (corresponding to 11.5 g NaCl and 3.3 g K). The mean 24 h excretion in the highest quartile of Na excretion was 297 mmol Na and 105 mmol K, and in the lowest quartile, 100 mmol Na and 68 mmol K. The mean Na:K ratio was 2.3, and respectively 3.2 and 1.8 in the highest and lowest Na excretion quartiles. Calculated energy intake did not differ between the highest and lowest quartiles of Na excretion, but body weight, BMI and the intake of certain foods known to be Na-rich did. CONCLUSIONS: Salt intake in young men was alarming high and even subjects in the lowest quartile of Na excretion did not meet present recommendations to limit salt intake to 5-6 g/d. At this point we can only speculate what the consequences of the high salt intake may be for CVD and stroke later in life. Regulation of the salt content in processed and fast food and in snacks is advocated, to curtail the salt burden on society imposed by the food industry.
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| 7. |
- Hurrell, Richard F., et al.
(författare)
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Revised recommendations for iron fortification of wheat flour and an evaluation of the expected impact of current national wheat flour fortification programs
- 2010
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Ingår i: Food and Nutrition Bulletin. - 1564-8265. ; 31:Suppl. 1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Iron fortification of wheat flour is widely used as a strategy to combat iron deficiency. Objective: To review recent efficacy studies and update the guidelines for the iron fortification of wheat flour. Methods: Efficacy studies with a variety of iron-fortified foods were reviewed to determine the minimum daily amounts of additional iron that have been shown to meaningfully improve iron status in children, adolescents, and women of reproductive age. Recommendations were computed by determining the fortification levels needed to provide these additional quantities of iron each day in three different wheat flour consumption patterns. Current wheat flour iron fortification programs in 78 countries were evaluated. Results: When average daily consumption of low-extraction (≤ 0.8% ash) wheat flour is 150 to 300 g, it is recommended to add 20 ppm iron as NaFeEDTA, or 30 ppm as dried ferrous sulfate or ferrous fumarate. If sensory changes or cost limits the use of these compounds, electrolytic iron at 60 ppm is the second choice. Corresponding fortification levels were calculated for wheat flour intakes of < 150 g/day and > 300 g/day. Electrolytic iron is not recommended for flour intakes of < 150 g/day. Encapsulated ferrous sulfate or fumarate can be added at the same concentrations as the non-encapsulated compounds. For high-extraction wheat flour (> 0.8% ash), NaFeEDTA is the only iron compound recommended. Only nine national programs (Argentina, Chile, Egypt, Iran, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkmenistan, and Uruguay) were judged likely to have a significant positive impact on iron status if coverage is optimized. Most countries use non-recommended, low-bioavailability, atomized, reduced or hydrogen-reduced iron powders. Conclusion: Most current iron fortification programs are likely to be ineffective. Legislation needs updating in many countries so that flour is fortified with adequate levels of the recommended iron compounds.
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| 8. |
- Hussain, Ahmed, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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A maternal diet of fatty fish reduces body fat of offspring compared with a maternal diet of beef and a post-weaning diet of fish improves insulin sensitivity and lipid profile in adult C57BL/6 male mice.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Acta Physiologica. - : Wiley. - 1748-1708 .- 1748-1716. ; 209:3, s. 220-234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim The maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation may affect the long-term health of the offspring. Our aim was to study how a fish or meat diet perinatal and after weaning affects body composition, insulin sensitivity and the profile of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in breast milk, fat depots, skeletal muscle and liver in male adult mice offspring. Methods During gestation and lactation, C57BL/6 dams were fed a herring- or beef-based diet. Half of the pups in each group changed diets after weaning. In offspring, body composition measured by DEXA, plasma lipid profile and insulin sensitivity measured by euglycemic clamp or QUICKI were monitored to adulthood. Analysis of total FAs by GC-MS were performed in the diet, breast milk and in different tissues. Results At 9 week of age, offspring of herring-fed dams had less body fat than offspring of beef-fed dams. Mice fed herring after weaning had increased insulin sensitivity at 15 week of age, reduced total plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and compared with beef-fed mice, larger interscapular brown adipose tissue depots. The FA composition of the maternal diet was mirrored in breast milk, and the herring diet significantly affected the FA profile of different tissues, leading to an increased content of n-3 PUFAs. Conclusion A herring-based maternal diet reduces body fat in the offspring, but the insulin sensitivity, plasma lipids and amount of brown adipose tissue are affected by the offspring's own diet; the herring diet is more beneficial than the beef diet.
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| 9. |
- Karlsson, Therese, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Increased vitamin D-binding protein and decreased free 25(OH)D in obese women of reproductive age.
- 2014
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Ingår i: European journal of nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-6215 .- 1436-6207. ; 53:1, s. 259-267
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Obese subjects have lower circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) than normal-weight subjects. Knowledge is scarce regarding differences in vitamin D-binding protein (DBP), free 25(OH)D, and intake of vitamin D between normal-weight and obese subjects. The purpose of this study was to examine intake and vitamin D status in obese compared with normal-weight women. METHODS: Between September 2009 and October 2011, 43 obese and 43 normal-weight women, 22-45years of age, mean BMI of 39.1±4.6 and 21.6±1.8kg/m(2), respectively, were recruited in the western Sweden region (latitude 57°N). Blood samples, data regarding diet, and sun exposure were collected. RESULTS: DBP concentrations were 320±121 and 266±104μg/mL (P=0.02) in obese and normal-weight women, respectively. Calculated free 25(OH)D was 13.3±5.5 (obese) and 23.7±10.7 (normal-weight) (P<0.001). The obese women had a 20.1nmol/L lower mean 25(HO)D concentration compared to normal-weight women (P<0.001). 56% of obese women and 12% of normal-weight women had 25(OH)D concentrations ≤50nmol/L. There was no statistically significant difference in total vitamin D intake between the groups. 39% of the women had a total vitamin D intake <7.5μg/day, the current national recommendation for vitamin D in Sweden. CONCLUSIONS: Obese women had higher DBP concentrations compared with normal-weight women and lower free 25(OH)D. The obese women were more likely to have 25(OH)D concentrations that could be considered suboptimal. Vitamin D intake was generally low in normal-weight and obese women of childbearing age.
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