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- Brunell, I.F., et al.
(författare)
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In-situ stress measurement during the deposition of CN x thin films by unbalanced magnetron sputtering; formation of high levels of stress with 28 eV ion irradiation
- 2004
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Ingår i: Philosophical Magazine Letters. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0950-0839 .- 1362-3036. ; 84:6, s. 395-403
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stress development during growth of CN x films by unbalanced magnetron sputtering has been investigated with an in-situ laser deflection technique. The stress is initially tensile, then it becomes compressive, reaching a maximum of as much as 7 GPa. These are anomalously high stress levels compared with pure carbon, considering the low ion energies (28 eV) and ion-to-neutral arrival rate ratio (<1) employed. This phenomenon is explained by the formation of a fullerene-like microstructure and nitrogen substitution at the growth surface. An accompanying increased reactivity of carbon atoms promotes sp3 bonding or other cross-linking of curved basal planes with resulting film densification.
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- Gerdner, Arne, et al.
(författare)
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Neighbor reactions against institutions for residence and care: A survey study on Swedish experiences : Presentation (by Arne Gerdner) at the 45th Annual ICAA conference in Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, 8-13 December.
- 2002
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Local protests against unwanted welfare activities and treatment institutions - so called NIMBY protests (Not In My Back Yard) - have mostly been limited to hypothetical situations or to single case studies. This study however, reports on actual experiences of neighbor reactions in a representative sample of 867 institutions for residence and care in Sweden. It searches for patterns in these reactions, for predictors among client, institutional as well as community factors and for the understanding of the further process after the initial problems. 32% of the responding institutions report at least some negative reactions, including18% that could be described as Nimby reactions. Nimby reactions last longer and involve more people than less articulated community worries. The expressed fears include mostly feelings of insecurity in general, increase of damages and criminal offences, decrease in neighboring estate values and increase in distribution of alcohol and drugs. The strongest reactions started long before the services started to operate, and not due to acute incidents. Positive neighbor reactions were in fact more frequent than negative, also in the cases with strong negative reactions. A number of target group factors, institution factors and community factors were used to predict negative neighbor reactions in a multivariate design. The most important factors seem to be the size of the institution and the type of community, not the characteristics of the client target group. The study also provides information on the strategies developed by institutions to counter negative reactions and the further development of these.
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- Jansson, U, et al.
(författare)
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Low temperature epitaxial growth of metal carbides using fullerenes
- 2001
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Ingår i: Surface & Coatings Technology. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 142-144, s. 817-822
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Epitaxial transition metal carbides can be deposited at low temperatures by simultaneous evaporation of C60 and either metal e-beam evaporation or metal d.c. magnetron sputtering. Hitherto, epitaxial films of TiC, VC, NbC, MoC, W2C and WC have been deposited on MgO(100), MgO(111) and in some cases 6H- and 4H-SiC(0001). Epitaxial TiC films with a good quality have been deposited at temperatures as low as 100°C with metal sputtering, while somewhat higher temperatures (> 200°C) are required for the other metals. In general, the plasma-assisted process allows lower deposition temperatures than the co-evaporation process. Most carbides can be deposited in a wide range of compositions within their homogeneity ranges by a fine-tuning of the Me/C60 flux. However, the results suggest that the formation of free surface carbon can be a limiting factor. The processes have also been used to deposit superlattices of TiC/NbC and TiC/VC at 400-500°C as well as epitaxial ternary Tix V1-xCy films. Furthermore, epitaxial films of ternary carbides with well-controlled metal concentration profiles can be deposited at temperatures below 500°C. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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