| 1. |
- Werren, John H, et al.
(författare)
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Functional and evolutionary insights from the genomes of three parasitoid Nasonia species.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 327:5963, s. 343-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report here genome sequences and comparative analyses of three closely related parasitoid wasps: Nasonia vitripennis, N. giraulti, and N. longicornis. Parasitoids are important regulators of arthropod populations, including major agricultural pests and disease vectors, and Nasonia is an emerging genetic model, particularly for evolutionary and developmental genetics. Key findings include the identification of a functional DNA methylation tool kit; hymenopteran-specific genes including diverse venoms; lateral gene transfers among Pox viruses, Wolbachia, and Nasonia; and the rapid evolution of genes involved in nuclear-mitochondrial interactions that are implicated in speciation. Newly developed genome resources advance Nasonia for genetic research, accelerate mapping and cloning of quantitative trait loci, and will ultimately provide tools and knowledge for further increasing the utility of parasitoids as pest insect-control agents.
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| 2. |
- Ulvila, J, et al.
(författare)
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RNA silencing in the antiviral innate immune defence--role of DEAD-box RNA helicases
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0300-9475 .- 1365-3083. ; 71:3, s. 146-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- RNA silencing is an efficient biochemical tool for gene knock downs as well as physiological phenomenon playing a major role in diverse biological processes. Recent knowledge suggests that the same protein families which mediate the experimental RNA interference (RNAi) in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster cells also contribute to the antiviral host defence in both invertebrate model organisms and mammals. Additionally, another branch of RNA silencing, the microRNAs (miRNAs), has been recently described in the context of host defence. In several studies, miRNAs have been shown to regulate essential immune responses. This review summarizes basic concepts of RNAi and miRNAs, especially in the context of immune defence, focusing on the newly discovered role of DEAD-box helicases in the RNA interference and antiviral host defence.
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| 3. |
- Valanne, Susanna, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-Wide RNA Interference in Drosophila Cells Identifies G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 as a Conserved Regulator of NF-kappa B Signaling
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Immunology. - : The American Association of Immunologists. - 0022-1767 .- 1550-6606. ; 184:11, s. 6188-6198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Because NF-kappa B signaling pathways are highly conserved in evolution, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster provides a good model to study these cascades. We carried out an RNA interference (RNAi)-based genome-wide in vitro reporter assay screen in Drosophila for components of NF-kappa B pathways. We analyzed 16,025 dsRNA-treatments and identified 10 novel NF-kappa B regulators. Of these, nine dsRNA-treatments affect primarily the Toll pathway. G protein-coupled receptor kinase (Gprk) 2, CG15737/Toll pathway activation mediating protein, and u-shaped were required for normal Drosomycin response in vivo. Interaction studies revealed that Gprk2 interacts with the Drosophila I kappa B homolog Cactus, but is not required in Cactus degradation, indicating a novel mechanism for NF-kappa B regulation. Morpholino silencing of the zebrafish ortholog of Gprk2 in fish embryos caused impaired cytokine expression after Escherichia coli infection, indicating a conserved role in NF-kappa B signaling. Moreover, small interfering RNA silencing of the human ortholog GRK5 in HeLa cells impaired NF-kappa B reporter activity. Gprk2 RNAi flies are susceptible to infection with Enterococcus faecalis and Gprk2 RNAi rescues Toll(10b)-induced blood cell activation in Drosophila larvae in vivo. We conclude that Gprk2/GRK5 has an evolutionarily conserved role in regulating NF-kappa B signaling. The Journal of Immunology, 2010, 184: 6188-6198.
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