| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Riboli, E, et al.
(författare)
-
European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC): study populations and data collection
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Public Health Nutrition. - 1475-2727. ; 5:6B, s. 1113-1124
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and. Nutrition (EPIC) is an ongoing multi-centre prospective cohort study designed to investigate the relationship between nutrition and cancer, with the potential for studying other diseases as well. The study currently includes 519 978 participants (366 521 women and 153457 men, mostly aged 35-70 years) in 23 centres located in 10 European countries, to be followed for cancer incidence and cause-specific mortality for several decades. At enrolment, which took place between 1992 and 2000 at each of the different centres, information was collected through a non-dietary questionnaire on lifestyle variables and through a dietary questionnaire addressing usual diet. Anthropometric measurements were performed and blood samples taken, from which plasma, serum, red cells and buffy coat fractions were separated and aliquoted for long-term storage, mostly in liquid nitrogen. To calibrate dietary measurements, a standardised, computer-assisted 24-hour dietary recall was implemented at each centre on stratified random samples of the participants, for a total of 36 900 subjects. EPIC represents the largest single resource available today world-wide for prospective investigations on the aetiology of cancers (and other diseases) that can integrate questionnaire data on lifestyle and diet, biomarkers of diet and of endogenous metabolism (e.g. hormones and growth factors) and genetic polymorphisms. First results of case-control studies nested within the cohort are expected early in 2003. The present paper provides a description of the EPIC study, with the aim of simplifying reference to it in future papers reporting substantive or methodological studies carried out in the EPIC cohort.
|
|
| 6. |
- Brethouwer, Geert, et al.
(författare)
-
Micro-structure and Lagrangian statistics of the scalar field with a mean gradient in isotropic turbulence
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Journal of Fluid Mechanics. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0022-1120 .- 1469-7645. ; 474, s. 193-225
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents an analysis and numerical study of the relations between the small-scale velocity and scalar fields in fully developed isotropic turbulence with random forcing of the large scales and with an imposed constant mean scalar gradient. Simulations have been performed for a range of Reynolds numbers from Re-lambda = 22 to 130 and Schmidt numbers from Sc = 1/25 to 144. The simulations show that for all values of Sc > 0.1 steep scalar gradients are concentrated in intermittently distributed sheet-like structures with a thickness approximately equal to the Batchelor length scale eta/Sc-1/2 with eta the Kolmogorov length scale. We observe that these sheets or cliffs are preferentially aligned perpendicular to the direction of the mean scalar gradient. Due to this preferential orientation of the cliffs the small-scale scalar field is anisotropic and this is an example of direct coupling between the large- and small-scale fluctuations in a turbulent field. The numerical simulations also show that the steep cliffs are formed by straining motions that compress the scalar field along the imposed mean scalar gradient in a very short time period, proportional to the Kolmogorov time scale. This is valid for the whole range of Sc. The generation of these concentration gradients is amplified by rotation of the scalar gradient in the direction of compressive strain. The combination of high strain rate and the alignment results in a large increase of the scalar gradient and therefore in a large scalar dissipation rate. These results of our numerical study are discussed in the context of experimental results (Warhaft 2000) and kinematic simulations (Holzer & Siggia 1994). The theoretical arguments developed here follow from earlier work of Batchelor & Townsend (1956), Betchov (1956) and Dresselhaus Tabor (1991).
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Hunt, Margaret R.
(författare)
-
Barnes, Ambrose (1627-1710)
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. - Oxford : Oxford University Press.
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Hunt, Margaret R., 1953-
(författare)
-
The Middle Classes
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Encyclopedia of European social history from 1350 to 2000. - : Scribners. ; , s. 39-56
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
