| 1. |
- Hydén, Margareta, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Samtal om den nya familjen och det eviga föräldraskapet
- 2002. - 1
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hur undviker man att bråka om barnen även om man inte är sams efter skilsmässan? En skilsmässa föregås ofta av konflikter. Att då, i samband med separationen, hitta de bästa lösningarna för barnens vårdnad och umgänge ställer så stora krav på förhandlingsförmåga att de är övermäktiga för flertalet. För barnen är det av största betydelse att föräldrarna kommer överens. Över 50 000 barn och ungdomar i Sverige berörs varje år av en skilsmässa. Enligt svensk lag har barn rätt att behålla kontakten med bägge sina föräldrar, även om föräldrarna tycker illa om varandra eller befinner sig i någon form av konflikt. Sedan 1991 är kommunen skyldig att ställa upp med så kallade samarbetssamtal för dem som vill. Allt fler par, ungefär en fjärdedel av samtliga som separerar, tillvaratar den möjligheten. Det är alltså inte fråga om familjerådgivning, utan det uttalade målet är att hitta en överenskommelse mellan föräldrarna om barnens vårdnad och umgänge efter separationen. Vanligen är det socionomer inom familjerättsenheten som ansvarar för dessa samtal. Den första delen av boken är skriven utifrån ett familjesociologiskt perspektiv och diskuterar de förändrade familjeformerna i dagens samhälle. Den andra delen behandlar samarbetssamtal ur ett kommunikativt perspektiv, dvs hur man kan föra samarbetssamtal som leder fram till att parterna kan träffa en överenskommelse om barnens framtid. Boken tar upp frågor om hur man samtalar, hur man bryter mönster av anklagelser och försvar, hur man trots kanske låsta konflikter kan förhandla, vad man pratar om och vad man inte pratar om. Denna bok riktar sig till utbildningen i socialt arbete och för vidareutbildning av socionomer inom individ- och familjeomsorg, familjerätt och familjerådgivning. Den kan även läsas av par under separation som önskar hitta lösningar på vårdnad och umgänge för sina barns bästa.
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| 2. |
- Adell, Emeli, et al.
(författare)
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Arterial roads do not have to be big, ugly and difficult for non-motorists
- 2003
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing].
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this paper is to describe the evaluation and effects of a major reconstruction of an arterial street in Eskilstuna, a medium sized Swedish town. The aim of the reconstruction was to minimize the barrier effects of the arterial street and by that create a stronger connection between the town center, on one side of the street, and the town-river, on the other; but also to create generally better conditions for primarily unprotected road users in that area of the city. This paper studies how traffic safety, subjective safety, pass ability, accessibility, attraction, aesthetics and air pollution are influenced by this reconstruction. Both objective and subjective measurements have been used. The reconstruction gave positive effects on most of the aspects studied and although the primary aim of the project was not to improve traffic safety the results were very positive in this respect as well. The most negative outcome was an increase in car emissions due to more accelerations and decelerations. In total the positive effects are overriding the negative ones by far and the study shows that by making some sacrifice in the mobility and comfort for motor vehicle occupants the attraction and esthetics of the area has increased as well as the traffic safety. An attempt has also been made to value the changes regarding different aspects for different types of road users. This clearly shows the stronger benefits for unprotected road users compared with the motorists.
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| 3. |
- Bülow, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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In dialogue with time : identity and illness in narratives about chronic fatigue
- 2003
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Ingår i: Narrative Inquiry. - : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 1387-6740 .- 1569-9935. ; 13:1, s. 71-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When we are stricken with an illness or some other affliction, the temporal frameworks that we take for granted in our everyday lives are overturned. Thus suffering and illnesses raise questions associated with temporality: were the past events necessary and unavoidable, could anything else have happened, and what will happen next? In this article we will discuss two intertwined problems that have to do with the organization of time in narratives about illness: the interviewee’s attempt to create an interview narrative and the researcher’s need to create a temporal order and coherence in the interview material properly founded in research. With a foothold in the literary scholars Morson’s and Bernstein’s theories about shadows of time we base our argument on an analysis of narratives given in interviews by people affected by Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS). The analysis shows various ways time can be used as a discursive tool to temporalize illness and suffering including temporalities that frequently go outside linear time perceptions by the use of “sideshadowings”. These various ways of temporalizing illness influence, for instance, factors like issues of responsibility and freedom of action. Findings like these indicate the importance of including the interviewees’ own temporalizations in the analysis of illness narratives in social science.
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| 4. |
- Bülow, Pia, 1959-
(författare)
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Making sense of contested illness : Talk and narratives about chronic fatigue.
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The primary aim of this thesis is to study how people suffering from chronic fatigue (usually Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, CFS) make sense of their medically unexplained and invisible illness. Due to the vagueness and indefinable character of this illness, it becomes disputed and doubted in many contexts. Thus, I call it a contested illness. Drawing on data from a patient school as well as from recurring interviews with former participants of this school, the meaning-making processes are examined from a communicative and interactive perspective using a primarily narrative approach.The analysis shows two principle ways of making sense of a contested illness like chronic fatigue, in narrative reconstructions and as interactional processes. Aspects of the narrative reconstructions that can be distinguished as particularly essential to this sense-making are morality and time. Both aspects become closely linked to issues aboutidentity in chronic illness since they concern biography and the personal story of life. In interview narratives, people described the changes in the moral frameworks they use in order to orientate themselves in their quest for what it is to lead a good life. By temporalising their illness, people seemed to deal with issues like responsibility, freedom of liability, blame and guilt, probably prompted by the contestedness of this illness.Through what is described as the discursive management and the sharing of experience, making sense of chronic fatigue in the patient school turned out to be primarily an interactional process. In interaction with the professionals in the school, the ill persons examined their experiences of suffering in relation to the professionals' views of the illness in a way that seemed to lead to a greater ability to manage illness discursively. Sharing experience of illness by telling each other one's personal story, and by co-narrating the story of suffering from chronic fatigue, meant that a joint image of the illness was created and that personal experiences were transformed into shared collectivised experiences. By this process, also the individual suffering was confirmed.
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| 5. |
- Bülow, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Patient school as a Way of Creating Meaning in a Contested Illness : The Case of CFS
- 2003
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Ingår i: Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1363-4593 .- 1461-7196. ; 7:2, s. 227-249
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Creating meaning in a situation of contested illness like Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) is an interactive process. As an example of how meaning is created, a CFS patient school organized by a hospital clinic in Sweden is discussed. This school can be seen as both a school and a medically oriented activity. The presence of different frameworks provides an opportunity to use different perspectives to understand CFS. It makes it possible for the participating men and women to regard the illness both from the outside as a social object, from the inside through personal experiences and to put the diagnosis and suffering in a larger ‘sickness’ perspective. Consequently, a number of different interpretations are brought up and used to create meaning in a situation of illness. The patients/students are thus learning discursively to manage the illness at the same time as they examine different ways to interpret their experiences through this discursive activity.
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| 6. |
- Draskóczy, Magdolna, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of active accelerator pedal in cars – Results from a large scale trial with intelligent speed adaptation.
- 2002
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within the framework of the Swedish national trial with Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA) in urban areas, the effects of large scale use of “active accelerator” were evaluated. 284 cars were equipped with the system for a period of 5-11 months in the city of Lund. The driving data of all equipped vehicles were logged with regard to time and speed, both before and after activating the system. Driver behaviour were studied with the help of an instrumented vehicle. Possible system effects, such as speeds, interactions with other road-users and driving against red were studied in the field. Possible changes in driver attitudes and acceptance were studied by interviews. The results revealed that test drivers’ compliance with the speed limits increased and practically no negative compensatory effects could be found.
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| 7. |
- Efraimsson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Discharge planning : "fooling ourselves?"--patient participation in conferences.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 13:5, s. 562-570
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The aim of discharge planning conferences (DPCs) is to co-ordinate resources and to enhance patient involvement in care in connection with relocation from hospital. DPCs can be characterized as institutional conversations, and are often executed as standard procedures, but the scientific basis for the activity is weak. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to illuminate and describe the communication at DPCs. DESIGN: A purposeful and consecutive sample of eight DPCs was collected in which the future care of eight women, aged 70 years or more, was discussed. METHODS: Transcribed video recordings were analysed in two steps. "The initial analysis" aimed at describing the structure and content of the communication. This description constituted the basis for an interpretation, leading to "the focused analysis" aiming at finding evidence for the assumptions made in the interpretation. RESULTS: The result revealed that the participation of patients was very less the DPCs. The decisions had often already been made, and the women were expected to be pleased with the decision; institutional representatives (IRs) frequently justified their actions by referring to bureaucratic praxis. CONCLUSIONS: The women were both encouraged and excluded from participation by the IRs. This dichotomy occurred because the IRs, as professionals, struggled to simultaneously realize their caring mission and their obligation to enforce the values and rules of the institution, i.e. efficiency and rationality. Thus, IRs and patients were equally imprisoned within the institutional system. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL RESEARCH: This result illustrates how conflicting paradigms are imbedded and reproduced by healthcare professionals in their communicative praxis. Awareness of this is a prerequisite for improvements in working procedures congruent with a caring paradigm that support patient participation.
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| 8. |
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Ett liv som andra : Livsvillkor för personer med funktionshinder
- 2000
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna bok belyser några centrala frågor i den handikappolitiska utvecklingen under de senaste åren. Vad var det som dolde sig bakom de goda intentionerna och strävan efter välfärd för personer med funktionshinder? Klienter och patienter är inte längre nöjda med enbart anonym planläggning utan vill själva bestämma över sina liv. Ett genomgående tema i boken är därför att lyfta fram och belysa handikappolitikens konsekvenser ur de funktionshindrade personernas eget perspektiv. Boken vill ge några bilder av funktionshindrade personers levnadsförhållanden och hur deras möte med den offentliga vården och omsorgen ser ut. Den visar på gränser och möjligheter i dagens handikappolitik och hur den i praktiken verkställs. Svensk handikappomsorg är bra men det finns också samtidigt en praktisk vardag som inte alltid stämmer med lagarnas bild av möjligheter och rättigheter. Bakgrunden till boken är främst handikappreformen från 1994, men även psykiatrireformen ett år senare. Boken är i första hand tänkt för undervisning inom högskolans sociala utbildningar och vårdutbildningar. Boken vänder sig också till verksamhetspersonal, handläggare och beslutsfattare, liksom till anhöriga och funktionshindrade personer. Mer information om våra bokserier och övriga böcker inom ämnesområdet finns på webbplatsen
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Hydén, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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The effects on safety, time consumption and environment of large scale use of roundabouts in an urban area
- 2000
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Ingår i: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - 1879-2057. ; 32, s. 11-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An experiment with small roundabouts – as speed reducing measures - was carried out in a Swedish city. The purpose of the study was to test the large scale and long term effects of the roundabouts. The results showed that the roundabouts reduced the speed considerably at the junctions and on links between roundabouts. The lateral displacement the roundabout forces the driver to has a great importance for the speed of approaching cars to a roundabout. The speed-reducing effect is large already at a 2 meter’s deflection. A larger deflection does not result in a larger effect. Conflict studies indicated an overall decrease in accident risk by 44%. Vulnerable road-users’ risk was reduced significantly, while there was no reduction for car occupants. There is a relation between the reduction of approach speed and the reduction of injury accident risk. The time consumption at a time operated signal was reduced heavily by the instalment of a roundabout at a signalised intersection. On average, emissions (CO and NOx) at roundabouts replacing non-signalised junctions increased by between 4 and 6%, while a roundabout replacing a signalised intersection led to a reduction by between 20 and 29%. The noise level was reduced at junctions that were provided with roundabout. Car drivers were less positive to the roundabouts than bicyclists. In the long term, the unchanged roundabouts worked almost as good as they did shortly after the rebuilding. The study showed that details in the design are of decisive importance for road-users’ safety. Special attention has to be paid to the situation of bicyclists. The transition between the cycle path/lane and the junction has to be designed with care - the bicyclists should be integrated with motorised traffic before they enter the roundabout. There should be only one car lane both on the approach, in the circulating area and on the exit. The size of the roundabout shall be as small as possible.
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