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- Tilmes, Simone, et al.
(författare)
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The hydrological impact of geoengineering in the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP)
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 0148-0227 .- 2156-2202 .- 2169-897X. ; 118:19, s. 11036-11058
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The hydrological impact of enhancing Earth's albedo by solar radiation management is investigated using simulations from 12 Earth System models contributing to the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP). We contrast an idealized experiment, G1, where the global mean radiative forcing is kept at preindustrial conditions by reducing insolation while the CO2 concentration is quadrupled to a 4×CO2 experiment. The reduction of evapotranspiration over land with instantaneously increasing CO2 concentrations in both experiments largely contributes to an initial reduction in evaporation. A warming surface associated with the transient adjustment in 4×CO2 generates an increase of global precipitation by around 6.9% with large zonal and regional changes in both directions, including a precipitation increase of 10% over Asia and a reduction of 7% for the North American summer monsoon. Reduced global evaporation persists in G1 with temperatures close to preindustrial conditions. Global precipitation is reduced by around 4.5%, and significant reductions occur over monsoonal land regions: East Asia (6%), South Africa (5%), North America (7%), and South America (6%). The general precipitation performance in models is discussed in comparison to observations. In contrast to the 4×CO2 experiment, where the frequency of months with heavy precipitation intensity is increased by over 50% in comparison to the control, a reduction of up to 20% is simulated in G1. These changes in precipitation in both total amount and frequency of extremes point to a considerable weakening of the hydrological cycle in a geoengineered world.
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- Norberg, Stefan, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Structural Disorder in Doped Zirconias, Part I: The Zr0.8Sc0.2-xYxO1.9 (0.0 ≤x ≤ 0.2) System
- 2011
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Ingår i: Chemistry of Materials. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5002 .- 0897-4756. ; 23:6, s. 1356-1364
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of local ordering of the anion vacancies and cation-anion vacancy interactions on the ionic conductivity of the anion-deficient fluorite Zr0.8Sc0.2-xYxO1.9 (0.0 directions. Significantly, an increased proportion of the oxygen vacancies are associated with the Zr4+ cations in Zr0.8Y0.2O1.9, while in Zr0.8Sc0.2O1.9 they show no significant preference for being nearest neighbor to a Sc3+ or a Zr4+ cation. Thus, it is concluded that the lower ionic conductivity at x = 0.2 is predominantly a consequence of the larger size of the Y3+ cation, which induces strain in the lattice and hinders diffusion of the O2-, rather than changes in the local ordering of the anion vacancies.
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- Nordin-Bates, Sanna M, et al.
(författare)
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Injury, imagery, and self-esteem in dance : Healthy minds in injured bodies?
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Dance Medicine and Science. - 1089-313X. ; 15:2, s. 76-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to investigate a selection of psychological variables (help-seeking behaviors, mental imagery, self-esteem) in relation to injury among UK dancers. We recruited 216 participants from eight dance styles and six levels of involvement. It was found that 83.5% of the participants had experienced at least one injury in the past year. The most common response to injury was to inform someone, and most continued to dance when injured, albeit carefully. Physical therapy was the most common treatment sought when an injury occurred (38.1%), and dancers seemed to follow recommendations offered. Injured and non-injured dancers did not differ in their imagery frequencies (facilitative, debilitative, or injury-related) and scored similarly (and relatively high) in self-esteem. Neither facilitative nor debilitative imagery was correlated with self-esteem, but dancers who engaged in more facilitative imagery in general also reported doing so when injured. Altogether, it appears that injury is not related to dancers' self-esteem or imagery, at least not when injuries are mild or moderate. Even so, such conclusions should be made with caution, given that most dancers do sustain at least one injury each year.
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- Zihms, S, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of high temperature processes on physical properties of silica sand
- 2013
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Ingår i: Engineering Geology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-7952. ; 164, s. 139-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High temperature processes may alter soil properties, creating potential risks of subsidence, erosion and other hazards. Soils may be exposed to high temperatures during some aggressive contaminant remediation processes as well as natural events such as fires. Characterising the effects of high temperatures on soil properties is essential to understanding the potential hazards that may arise after exposure. Thermal treatment and smouldering remediation were carried out on silica sand used here as a simple soil. Changes observed in physical properties were associated with the treatment type and exposure temperature. Particle, minimum and maximum densities were independent of heat treatment type and temperature. In contrast, particle size distribution, mineralogy, capillary rise, and hydraulic conductivity were linked to treatment type and exposure temperature with the most substantial changes associated with smouldering remediation. Changes in colour and mass loss with increasing temperature suggest changes within the crystal structure of the silica sand beyond loss of moisture content within the pore space and dehydration of iron deposits from goethite to hematite. Based on these observations, exposure to high temperature processes and the complex geo-chemical reactions during smouldering remediation can have significant effects on soil properties. Monitoring after exposure is advisable to determine the severity of exposure and any mitigation measures that may be necessary.
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