| 1. |
- Rosvall, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Life-course perspective on socioeconomic differences in carotid atherosclerosis.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. - 1524-4636. ; 22:10, s. 1704-1711
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Socioeconomic status (SES) in adulthood is known to be related to carotid atherosclerosis. However, few studies have tried to assess its association with SES from a life-course perspective. METHODS AND RESULTS: We examined the relationship between SES in childhood and in adulthood and carotid atherosclerosis in a general population of Swedish men and women. Carotid stenosis was determined by B-mode ultrasound. Results showed that women whose fathers' occupations involved unskilled manual labor had higher odds of carotid stenosis than did women whose fathers' occupations involved high- or medium-level nonmanual labor, even after adjustment for adult occupational status and risk factors (odds ratio 1.8, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.8). No such association appeared in men. Furthermore, the impact of life-course SES on atherosclerosis was examined by using an additive measure of one's combined SES during childhood and adulthood. Among women, the odds of carotid stenosis increased with a rise in exposure to low SES during the life-course (P for trend <0.001). In men, no such trend was found. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the total life-course exposure to low SES, with contributions from childhood and adulthood, seems to play a role in atherogenesis in women. Such a pattern of association could not be shown in men.
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| 2. |
- Rosvall, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational status, educational level, and the prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis in a general population sample of middle-aged Swedish men and women: results from the Malmo Diet and Cancer Study
- 2000
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Ingår i: American Journal of Epidemiology. - 0002-9262. ; 152:4, s. 334-346
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The associations among educational level, occupational status, and atherosclerosis were investigated during 1992-1994 in a general population sample of 4,176 Swedish men and women. Carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and carotid stenosis were determined by B-mode ultrasound. Socioeconomic differences in mean carotid IMT and odds ratios for carotid stenosis prevalence were estimated. In women, the associations among educational level, occupational status, and IMT were weak. In men, there was no association between education and IMT, while low occupational status was associated with a thicker IMT. Women with low education had an increased odds of carotid stenosis compared with women with high education (odds ratio (OR) = 2.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.53, 2.73), while this pattern was weaker among men. Women in manual occupations had an increased odds of carotid stenosis compared with women in high- or medium-level nonmanual occupations (OR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.29, 2.36), which could not be seen among men. After adjustment for risk factors, the association between IMT and occupational status in men disappeared, while the associations among educational level, occupational status, and carotid stenosis in women persisted. The results imply that the atherosclerotic process is associated with socioeconomic status in both sexes, and they also indicate the possibility of sex differences in the mechanisms connecting socioeconomic status to atherosclerosis.
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| 3. |
- Rosvall, M, et al.
(författare)
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Work-related psychosocial factors and carotid atherosclerosis.
- 2002
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Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1464-3685 .- 0300-5771. ; 31:6, s. 1169-1178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background In order to better understand the role of work environment in the earlier stages of the cardiovascular disease process, we wanted to investigate the influence of work-related psychosocial factors on preclinical atherosclerosis. Methods Cross-sectional data was used to examine the association between psychological job demands, job decision latitude, and carotid atherosclerosis in 2658 vocationally-active Swedish men and women, ages 46–65, from the general population. Odds ratios of carotid plaque prevalence and carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT), determined by B-mode ultrasound, were estimated across combinations of job demands and decision latitude. Results Women in job situations with high demands and low decision latitude (‘job strain’) showed a high plaque prevalence odds (odds ratio [OR] = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.14, 2.48), and a thicker IMT in the carotid bifurcation area (mean difference: 0.15 mm, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.23) compared with women in job situations with low demands and high decision latitude (‘relaxed’). Adjustment for covariates only slightly reduced the magnitude of these associations. No such associations were seen in men. However, women in job situations with high demands and high decision latitude (‘active’) also showed high odds for carotid plaque, and a thicker IMT in the carotid bifurcation, compared with women in ‘relaxed’ job situations. In men, those in ‘active’ job situations had a low carotid plaque prevalence odds, while IMT in the carotid bifurcation did not differ from those in ‘relaxed’ job situations. Results showed only weak associations with IMT in the common carotid artery (CCA) in both men and women. Conclusion The specific hypothesis that high job demands interact synergistically with low decision latitude in the development of carotid atherosclerosis could not be supported in this study, neither in men nor in women. Instead a more complex pattern of interaction between job demands and decision latitude was shown.
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| 4. |
- Baigi, A, et al.
(författare)
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Causes of death between 1911-1950 in a Swedish province with a population characterized by longevity: Effects on life expectancy
- 2003
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 31:6, s. 418-427
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Life expectancy in Sweden is among the highest in the world, and the province of Halland has the highest life expectancy in Sweden today. In an earlier paper the authors reported that life expectancy in the province of Halland in the south-west of the country was approx. 3.5 years above the national average between 1911 and 1950. The aim of this study was to explore the influence of different causes of death on life expectancy in Sweden and the distribution of these causes of death in Halland compared with Sweden as a whole during the same period of time. Method: Causes of death between 1911 and 1950 in the whole of Sweden and in Halland were obtained from the archives of Statistics Sweden. A trend analysis was performed on the impact of the various causes of death on life expectancy in Sweden. Calendar year, age, and sex were controlled for in a Poisson model. The distribution and incidence of the most frequent causes of death were compared between Halland and Sweden as a whole. Results: The decreasing mortality risk due to infectious diseases and the simultaneous increase in the risk of mortality from tumours and circulatory diseases contributed most to the change in life expectancy in Sweden. In Halland there was a lower mortality risk in the seven most important causes of death, which accounted for approx 80% of all deaths during the study period. Conclusions: The lower mortality risk from infectious diseases mostly favoured the improvement in life expectancy in Halland up to the mid-1930s. Thereafter, a low mortality risk from tumours and particularly circulatory diseases gained increasing importance although there was always a difference in favour of Halland from the beginning of the study period. Thus, the positive trend in life expectancy that favours Halland today seems to have existed for a long period of time.
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| 5. |
- Baigi, Amir, et al.
(författare)
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Life expectancy in the province of Halland, Sweden, 1911-50: the progress of public health in a long-living population
- 2002
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 30:3, s. 231-237
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Life expectancy in Sweden is currently one of the longest in the world. The population of Halland has the longest life expectancy in Sweden. Aim: Life expectancy in the province of Halland and Sweden as a whole during 1911-50 was studied and the findings are discussed in the light of local historical data. Method: A trend analysis of risk ratio of death and life expectancy for Halland and Sweden was done for the period 1911-50 with regard to calendar year, age, and sex using a Poisson model. Results: The risk ratio between Halland and Sweden was 0.83 for 1911 and 0.76 for 1950. The risk ratio of death for women was lower compared with men and this difference increased over time. At the start of the study period life expectancy for men and women was higher in Halland (58.5 and 60.1 years, respectively) compared with Sweden (54.7 and 56.4 years, respectively) with a difference of approximately 3.8 years. At the end of the study period this difference in life expectancy for men and women in Halland (71.3 and 72.3 years, respectively) and the nation ( 68.0 and 69.2 years, respectively) had decreased to approximately 3.3 years. Conclusion: The long life expectancy seen in Halland today can be traced back to the early twentieth century. The starting point for this development seems to be a lower infant mortality in Halland compared with Sweden as a nation during the 1880-90. The basis for this might have been a greater increase of food production during the whole nineteenth century as well as other socioeconomic characteristics of Halland compared with the rest of the country.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Ektor-Andersen, John, et al.
(författare)
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Behaviour-focused pain coping: consistency and convergence to work capability of the swedish version of the chronic pain coping inventory.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - 1651-2081. ; 34:1, s. 33-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to study the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the Chronic Pain Coping Inventory. The material consisted of a group of 100 subjects recruited from a large population study. Pain status and the absence of pain-related sick leave during the previous year conditioned inclusion. Another group comprised 160 patients on the long-term sick list and who had been referred to a multidisciplinary pain clinic for evaluation. The psychometric properties in terms of internal consistency of the scales were good or very good for all scales of behaviour-focused pain coping. Use of the strategies "Guarding", "Resting", "Asking for assistance", "Relaxation", "Task persistence", "Coping self-statements" and "Seeking social support" was significantly related to vocational capability. "Guarding". "Asking for assistance", "Relaxation", "Exercise and stretch" and "Coping self-statements" increased in parallel to increasing pain from localized to intermediate or widespread. No gender difference was found in cases reporting more pronounced pain.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Lindström, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of different aspects of social participation and social capital on smoking cessation among daily smokers: a longitudinal study.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Tobacco Control. - : BMJ. - 1468-3318 .- 0964-4563. ; 12:3, s. 274-281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate differences in different aspects of social participation and social capital among baseline daily smokers that had remained daily smokers, become intermittent smokers, or stopped smoking at one year follow up. Design/setting/participants/measurements: 12 507 individuals, aged 45–69 years, interviewed at baseline between 1992 and 1994 and at a one year follow up were investigated in this longitudinal study. The three groups of baseline daily smokers were compared to the reference population (baseline intermittent smokers and non-smokers) according to different aspects of social participation and social capital. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to assess differences in different aspects of social participation and social capital. Results: The baseline daily smokers that remained daily smokers at the one year follow up had significantly increased odds ratios of non-participation in study circles in other places than at work, meeting of organisations other than unions, theatre/cinema, arts exhibition, church, sports events, large gatherings of relatives, and private parties compared to the reference population. The baseline daily smokers that had become intermittent smokers at the one year follow up had significantly increased odds ratios of non-participation in church services. The baseline daily smokers that had stopped smoking had increased odds ratios of non-participation in having attended a meeting of organisations other than labour unions during the past year, having been to a theatre or cinema, and of having visited an arts exhibition during the past year. All three categories of baseline daily smokers had significantly decreased odds ratios of non-participation in night club/entertainment. Conclusions: The baseline daily smokers that had remained daily smokers at the one year follow up had particularly high rates of non-participation compared to the reference population in both activities specifically related to social capital, such as other study circles, meetings of organisations other than labour unions, and church attendance and cultural activities such as theatre/cinema and arts exhibition, although significantly lower participation in cultural activities and meetings of other organisations was also observed among daily smokers that had stopped smoking. All three baseline daily smoker groups had higher rates of having visited a night club during the past year.
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| 10. |
- Lindström, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Increasing prevalence of overweight, obesity and physical inactivity: two population-based studies 1986 and 1994.
- 2003
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 13:4, s. 306-312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the 1986-1994 trend in obesity, overweight and sedentary leisure-time physical activity status, and the educational gradient in overweight and obesity in the city of Malmö, Sweden. Material/Methods: The public health surveys in Malmö 1986 and 1994 are cross-sectional studies. A total of 4,800 and 5,600 individuals aged 20–80 years were randomly chosen to be interviewed by a postal questionnaire. The participation rates were 74% and 71%. Obesity was defined as BMI 30.0 or more and overweight as BMI 25.0–29.9. The prevalences of leisure-time physical inactivity, obesity and overweight were computed, and the differences between 1986 and 1994 as well as educational gradients in overweight and obesity were assessed. Results: The prevalence of obesity increased from 4.6% to 11.4% (p<0.001) among men and from 6.1% to 9.8% (p<0.001) among women. The prevalence of overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9) increased from 33.9% to 45.2% (p<0.001) among men, and from 19.6% to 29.1% (p<0.001) among women. The prevalence of leisure time physical inactivity increased among men from 14.7% to 18.1% (p<0.001) among men and from 19.4% to 26.7% (p<0.001) among women. The increasing prevalences of obesity, overweight and physical inactivity were observed in all age, country of origin and educational status groups. The educational differences in BMI 25.0+ observed among both men and women in 1986 disappeared among men in 1994. In contrast, educational differences in obesity (BMI 30.0+), not seen in 1986, appeared in 1994 among men. Conclusion: The proportions of the population with obesity and overweight increased significantly between 1986 and 1994 for both men and women. The increasing prevalence of physical inactivity seems to be an important explanation.
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