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| 2. |
- Canivet, Catarina, et al.
(författare)
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Sleeping problems as a risk factor for subsequent musculoskeletal pain and the role of job strain: results from a one-year follow-up of the Malmö Shoulder Neck Study Cohort.
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 15:4, s. 254-262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The role of sleeping problems in the causal pathway between job strain and musculoskeletal pain is not clear. Purpose: To investigate the impact of sleeping problems and job strain on the one-year risk for neck, shoulder, and lumbar pain. METHOD: A prospective study, using self-administered questionnaires, of a healthy cohort of 4,140 vocationally active persons ages 45-64, residing in the city of Malmo. RESULTS: At follow-up, 11.8% of the men and 14.8% of the women had developed pain. The odds ratios (OR) for pain at follow-up and sleeping problems at baseline were 1.72 (95% CI: 1.13-2.61) in men and 1.91 (1.35-2.70) in women. Regarding exposure to job strain, ORs were 1.39 (0.94-2.05) for men and 1.63 (1.18-2.23) for women. These statistically significant risks remained so when controlled for possible confounding. A modest synergistic effect was noted in women with concurrent sleeping problems and job strain, but not in men. CONCLUSION: One in 15-20 of all new cases of chronic pain in the population could be attributed to sleeping problems. No evidence was found for a causal chain with job strain leading to musculoskeletal pain by the pathway of sleeping problems.
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| 3. |
- Kornitzer, M., et al.
(författare)
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Job stress and major coronary events: results from the Job Stress, Absenteeism and Coronary Heart Disease in Europe study
- 2006
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Ingår i: Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1741-8267 .- 1741-8275. ; 13:5, s. 695-704
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: The intention of this study is to investigate the relationship of the demands/control/strain model with hard coronary events in an epidemiological, prospective, multicenter, European study. METHODS AND RESULTS: Six cohorts (Brussels, Ghent, Lille, Barcelona, Goteborg and Malmo) from four European countries (Belgium, France, Spain and Sweden) consisting of 21 111 middle-aged male subjects participated between 1993 and 1996 in the baseline survey of the Job Stress, Absenteeism and Coronary Heart Disease in Europe (JACE) study. The Karasek strain model of psychological demands (five items)/control (nine items) was used. During a mean follow-up of 40 months 185 acute coronary events or coronary deaths were observed. Age-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for developing an acute coronary event were 1.46 [CI 95% confidence interval (1.08-1.97)] for high against low psychological demands and 1.53 (95% CI 1.0-2.35) for strained (high demands plus low control) against relaxed (low demands plus high control) groups. After adjustment for standard cardiovascular risk factors the HR for developing a coronary event for those above or equal to the median against those below the median of psychological demands was 1.46 (95% CI 1.08-1.97) whereas the HR for strained against relaxed groups is 1.46 (95% CI 0.96-2.25). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the results. CONCLUSION: In this European, multicenter, prospective, epidemiological study the Karasek job strain model was an independent predictor of acute coronary events, with the psychological demands scale emerging as the important component.
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| 4. |
- Rosvall, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Socioeconomic differences in the progression of carotid atherosclerosis in middle-aged men and women with subclinical atherosclerosis in Sweden.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Social Science and Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-5347 .- 0277-9536. ; 62:7, s. 1785-1798
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While the persistence of socioeconomic differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been recognized for many years, less is known about whether socioeconomic factors are of importance to CVD before symptoms of the disease appear. In this study the associations among educational level, occupational status and progression of atherosclerosis were investigated in 1016 Swedish middle-aged men and women with signs of subclinical atherosclerosis, i.e., carotid plaque (defined as focal intima-media thickness (IMT) >1.2 mm). IMT in the common carotid artery (CCA) and in the carotid bifurcation area, as well as carotid plaque score, was determined by B-mode ultrasound. Results showed only weak associations between educational level, occupational status and age-, sex- and baseline IMT-adjusted progression of IMT in the CCA. However, in the age, sex- and baseline IMT-adjusted analyses, those in unskilled manual occupations showed a significantly higher yearly progression of carotid IMT in the bifurcation area compared to those in high- or medium-level non-manual occupations. Those with primary education tended to show a higher yearly progression of carotid IMT in the bifurcation area compared to those with completed secondary education. After adjustment for risk factors, the magnitude of these associations were somewhat attenuated. Similar patterns of associations were seen for the change of carotid plaque score. We conclude that low socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with progression of atherosclerosis in a middle-aged population with signs of subclinical atherosclerosis. Even though socioeconomic differences in cardiovascular risk factor levels could explain part of the found differences in progression rate in women, the mechanisms involved remain to be further established.
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| 5. |
- Chaix, Basile, et al.
(författare)
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Income change at retirement, neighbourhood-based social support, and ischaemic heart disease: Results from the prospective cohort study "Men born in 1914"
- 2007
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Ingår i: Social Science and Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-5347 .- 0277-9536. ; 64:4, s. 818-829
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Retirement from active life often leads to decreased finances and reduced social contact, which may increase ischaemic heart disease (IHD) risk in individuals. We examined whether income evolution during the decade before retirement has an impact on subsequent IHD, and explored the mediating effect of common risk factors and social support from different sources (marriage/cohabitation, support from friends/relatives, and neighbourhood-based social support). We analyzed data from the 1982-1983 prospective cohort study, "Men born in 1914" (n = 498, follow-up period = 10 years) conducted in Malmo, Sweden, merged with yearly income data for 14 years preceding baseline. Low income 10 years before retirement predicted both higher prevalence of IHD risk factors at retirement, and weaker neighbourhood-based social support. Income 10 years before retirement was a strong predictor of IHD incidence and mortality after retirement, but a significant downward income mobility at retirement did not increase IHD risk. After adjustment, low neighbourhood-based social support increased the risk of IHD incidence and mortality, and mediated 7-8% of the income effect. In conclusion, income 10 years before retirement, but not the subsequent income evolution, was a strong predictor of IHD post-retirement. This socioeconomic gradient was partly mediated by the protective effect of neighbourhood-based social support, which may be particularly important among the elderly in compensating for social disruptions related to retirement.
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| 6. |
- Lundkvist, Sven-Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Condition assessment of road equipment : State-Of-The-Art
- 2008
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Ingår i: The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering. - 1822-427X. ; 3:2, s. 84-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Road equipment is used for increasing safety and comfort in traffic. There are 5 main groups of equipment: road lighting, fences and barriers, vertical signs, horizontal signs and traffic signals. Common for all road equipment is that, once they have been installed on the road, the performance must be maintained. Condition assessment is an important tool for determining the maintained degree of performance. Generally, there is a large number of equipment along a road. This means that a measurement method must be fast and practical to use. Even so, not all equipment can be measured, but a sample must be chosen from the population. In other words, condition assessment needs both sampling and an appropriate measurement method. In practice, sampling in-situ can be difficult to perform. Consequently, it might be necessary to deviate from complete randomness when sampling. However, it is important that sampling is carried out in such a way that no systematic errors are introduced. A physical measurement method aimed for condition assessment should preferably be mobile. Unfortunately, only a few mobile methods are described in the literature and, among these methods, solely one physical method has been used for assessment (road marking retroreflectivity characterization). Results from such studies have been published in USA and the Nordic countries. Although the lack of mobile instruments, condition assessments of street lighting, rails, noise shields, glare shields, road signs, raised pavement markers and traffic signals have been documented. Such studies have been carried out using stationary instruments or by a subjective judgement. It is known that quality control improves performance, which has, for example, been documented in a Swedish 6-year study on road markings. Consequently, if checks of road equipment are carried out regularly, there is a reason to believe that this control would improve the road equipment performance, which, in turn, would be a benefit, not only for the road keeper but also the driver. Therefore, development of mobile instruments aimed for all types of road equipment is desirable.
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| 7. |
- Lundkvist, Sven-Olof, 1949-
(författare)
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Evaluation of Road Equipment with Emphasis on Condition Assessment
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This doctoral thesis deals primarily with condition assessment of road equipment. The road equipment concept is defined by five main groups, road lighting, fences and barriers, vertical signs, horizontal signs and traffic signals, respectively. Of these groups, road markings, street lighting and barriers of three-lane roads have been studied more in detail. A state-of-the-art, comprising information obtained by comprehensive literature studies on condition assessment of road equipment is presented. Comparably few fundamental studies were found, which, to some degree, can be explained by the lack of suitable physical measurement methods. However, in the case of road marking retroreflectivity, mobile instruments have been developed, and research published in this area is relatively comprehensive. Furthermore, although not based on mobile measurements, several studies on assessments on performance of road sign sheeting have been published. The experimental part of the thesis is divided into four studies, of which two are dealing with mobile measurement of wet road markings and street lighting, respectively. One of the studies concerns condition assessment of road marking performance accomplished in the Nordic countries. Finally, one study comprises risk analysis related to crashes into the barriers on three-lane roads. At road equipment condition assessment, mobile measurement methods are preferable compared to stationary methods. However, many relevant parameters are tricky to measure at speed. One example in this connection is characterization of performance of wet road markings, which has to be based on one or more parameters obtained by measurements on dry surfaces. Results presented in this thesis indicate that retroreflectivity and skid resistance of wet road markings can be predicted based on retroreflectivity and macro-texture of dry road marking. For traffic safety, street lighting is important. The performance of this type of road equipment is in most cases described in terms of luminance of the illuminated road surface. However, luminance measurements are tricky and time-consuming and not useful for condition assessment. On the contrary, measurement of illuminance is easy to carry out and can be performed at speed. One part of the thesis describes how road surface luminance in street lighting can be estimated based on illuminance and reflection properties of the road surface. With the purpose of comparing road marking performance in the Nordic countries, condition assessment using mobile measurement equipment was accomplished in 2002 and 2003. In each of the five Nordic countries, a number of roads were chosen for measuring retroreflectivity. The study showed that the retroreflectivity of edge, centre and lane lines was poor in some countries, but, at least regarding edge lines, this shortcoming could be compensated by use of wide, continuous lines. In other words, the visibility of longitudinal road markings was approximately equal in the different countries. The purpose of the risk analysis performed on three-lane road barriers was to estimate the influence of the time-period between initial crash and repair on the risk of a secondary accident. The result showed that, especially in winter-time, time-reduction means reduced risk of secondary accidents.
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| 8. |
- Lundkvist, Sven-Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Prediction of road marking performance
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of transportation engineering. - 0733-947X .- 1943-5436. ; 133:6, s. 341-346
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From the road user's point of view the night-time visibility of road markings during wet conditions is of great importance, and instruments aimed for mobile measurement of the retroreflectivity of road markings are available. However, due to splash from the tires of the measuring vehicle, it is almost impossible to carry out measurements on wet road markings. The purpose of this study was to investigate if results obtained on dry road markings can be used for prediction of the retroreflectivity of wet markings. Furthermore, the possibility of predicting skid resistance of wet road markings from results obtained on dry road markings was examined. Physical measurements of a number of performance parameters of road markings showed that the retroreflectivity of a dry road marking surface and mean profile depth (texture) of the surface in question can be used both for prediction of retroreflectivity and skid resistance of wet road markings. As retroreflectivity and texture can be measured using mobile equipment, wet performance parameters can be estimated from measurements carried out on dry markings at speed. The precision of the models was found to be acceptable, which means that they seem to be useful for classifying performance of road markings. Based on the models, performance classes for retroreflectivity and skid resistance of wet road markings are proposed.
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| 9. |
- Sjöberg, Nils Otto, et al.
(författare)
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The Aging Male
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Men's Health. - : IMR Press. - 1875-6859 .- 1875-6867. ; 5:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This year the Swedish Society of Medicineand Lund Society of Medicine have arranged aBerzelius Symposium in Malmo¨/Lund on September24–26, 2008. This is the 1st InternationalSymposium in Sweden on The AgingMale.The purpose is to bring together scientistsand clinicians in this relatively new disciplineto highlight, in a multidisciplinary setting, thecauses and consequences of male aging and itssocial and medical repercussions. We hopethat the symposium will stimulate efforts toimprove health and quality of life in men.Prominent scientists within this field willpresent recent data in cardiovascular diseases,muscle capacity, sexuality, the aging brain,androgen therapy, the metabolic syndrome,mood and cognitive disorders, as well as themale froman ethnographic and social perspective.The audience will be scientists and practitionerswith a multifaceted interest in healthin aging, and includes the fields of urology,psychiatry, geriatrics, endocrinology, gynecology,general practice, and other specialities.The meeting will also be of interest to professionalsfrom the social sciences, as well asproviders of services and technologies for theaging population.
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