| 1. |
- Isaksson, Sven, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
-
Arkeologiska undersökningar av Birkas försvunna stadsvall, fornlämning L2017:1568, Raä 119:1, Svarta jorden, Björkö, Adelsö sn, Ekerö kn, Uppland, maj 2018 och maj 2019
- 2020
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This is a report of archaeological investigations, excavations and geochemical propections, in search for the today lost part of the town rampart of the Viking Age site Birka in eastern central Sweden, conducted by the Archaeological Research Laboratory, Stockholm University, in 2018-2019. The results show, for the first time ever, evidence of a town rampart with an associated defensive ditch in the investigated portion of the town perimeter. This is inferred to be the result of deliberate choices to build different types of defensive structures with regard to the varying terrain in different sections around Birka, indicating explicit tactical considerations when choosing construction technology.
|
|
| 2. |
- Isaksson, Sven, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
-
Birkas norra hamnområden : Arkeologiska undersökningar av maritim lämning inom Gravfält L2017:1904, Birka, Björkö, Adelsö sn, Up., maj 2022
- 2024
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report presents the results of archaeological investigations of maritime remains on the northern part of Björkö in Lake Mälaren, in connection with L2017:1904, Adelsö parish, in Uppland. The investigations included surveys, geochemical analyses and excavations as well as a topographic investigation of the so-called Salviksgropen. The results of a ground penetrating radar survey and an osteoarchaeological analysis of the bone material from the 2020-2021 excavations of a shipyard site are also discussed. The investigations were carried out by the Archaeological Research Laboratory, Department of Archaeology and Classical studies at Stockholm University. The results show that the stone row, which in the previous survey was referred to as the possible remains of a jetty or boat landing site, probably constituted a breakwater, as well as a landing site, that was constructed to protect the adjacent shipyard site. The osteological analysis shows that the bone material consists of food remains, and a possible place for food preparation is indicated by the soil chemical analyses. The same analysis also points to a possible site for blacksmithing activities associated with the shipyard site. The georadar survey shows traces of ploughed-over burial mounds, indicating that the cemetery Hemlanden surrounded the shipyard site on all sides. The height mapping of the potential harbour arms at Salviksgropen shows that these, as they look today, are too low in the landscape in relation to the maritime remains at Korshamn to have had this function.
|
|
| 3. |
- Isaksson, Sven, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
-
En vikingatida varvsplats vid Kugghamn, Birka : Arkeologiska undersökningar av L2022:2719, Birka, Björkö,Adelsö socken, Uppland, augusti 2020 och 2021
- 2022
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A Viking Age shipyard at Kugghamn, Birka.This is a report of an archaeological investigation of maritime remains close to and connected to the Viking Age town of Birka on Björkö, Uppland, Sweden. The investigations included surveys using GNSS receivers and drones, geochemical mapping, and the excavation of four trenches, carried out in August 2020 and August 2021. The investigations were carried out by the Archaeological Research Laboratory (AFL), Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University. The results show that there was an extensive maritime cultural landscape on the northern part of Björkö, which is rich in remains of different character. One of these remains was investigated in detail by the excavation of four trenches. The feature consists of a dug-out hollow, lined with stones at sides and bottom. Evidence of a wooden contraction was found in the bottom of the hollow in the form of small post-holes, and a stone-frame at the mouth of the hollow towards the waterfront. This is interpreted as the remains of a boat slipway. Rivets, both used and unused, tools for carpentry, and slate whetstones, dominate among the finds and mirror the activities of the site. All is interpreted as evidence for a boat repair site with an associated boat slipway. Finds of e.g. glass beads contemporary with the town Birka, provides a general dating of the remains, possibly with an emphasis towards its later phases of the town. This maritime construction is a unique find with few parallels, but fits well with the other maritime remains in the area. In order to understand its function and dating, it is vital to continue investigations in this important area of Björkö.
|
|
| 4. |
- Alfonsson, Sven, et al.
(författare)
-
The Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form : Psychometric evaluation in one non-clinical and two clinical Swedish samples
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1063-3995 .- 1099-0879. ; 30:3, s. 631-642
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Self-compassion has been defined as the ability to be with one's feelings of suffering in a warm and caring way. Research has shown a negative association between self-compassion and mental illness, and that low self-compassion can make psychotherapeutic effects less likely. The ability to measure a patient's self-compassion in a fast and reliable way is therefore important in investigating effects of psychotherapies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) in both non-clinical (NC) and clinical samples.Methods: Cross-sectional data were gathered in a NC community sample (n = 1,089), an eating disorder (ED) sample (n = 253) and a borderline personality disorder (BPD) sample (n = 151). All participants were asked to complete a number of questionnaires, including the SCS-SF, and 121 participants in the NC sample repeated the assessment after 2 weeks for test-retest analysis.Results: Confirmatory factor analyses supported the first-order model suggested in previous research. Good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.78-0.87) and test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation = 0.84) were demonstrated for the entire scale. Results also showed good convergent validity, demonstrating moderate negative associations between self-compassion and mental illnesses, as expected, and acceptable divergent validity, demonstrating weak positive associations between self-compassion and quality of life and mindfulness.Discussion: The correlations between the SCS-SF and the instruments used for validation were weaker in the clinical samples than the NC sample. This may be due to difficulties measuring these constructs or that the associations differ somewhat between different populations, which could warrant further research. The results added some support to the assumption that self-compassion may overlap with mindfulness yet still represents a distinct construct.Conclusions: Analyses of the SCS-SF provided evidence of adequate to good psychometric properties, supporting use of the scale's total sum score and a first-order factor structure. This is in accordance with previous evaluations of the SCS-SF, suggesting that it is a reliable and time-efficient instrument for measuring a general level of self-compassion. This may be important when evaluating psychotherapy and investigating self-compassion and its influence on psychiatric illness.
|
|
| 5. |
- Alfonsson, Sven, et al.
(författare)
-
The self-efficacy in distress tolerance scale (SE-DT) : a psychometric evaluation
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 2051-6673. ; 9:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Skills training is believed to be essential in dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) and is also offered as a standalone intervention. There is a need to better understand each skills module's separate contribution to treatment outcomes. Several assessment instruments are available, but none of them provides specific information about patients' perceived ability to use skills promoting distress tolerance. The aim of the present study was to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a Swedish adaptation of the General Self-Efficacy scale (GSE) for skills use in distress tolerance - the Self-Efficacy in Distress Tolerance scale (SE-DT).Methods: Cross-sectional and longitudinal data were gathered in a non-clinical (NC) community sample (n = 407) and a clinical psychiatric (CP) sample (n = 46). Participants in the NC sample were asked to complete a set of 19 self-report instruments, including the SE-DT, and 45 participants repeated the assessment after 2 weeks. The patients in the CP sample filled out a subset of eight instruments; twenty patients repeated the assessment after completing a treatment intervention including mindfulness skills and distress tolerance skills or emotion regulation skills.Results: The analyses showed that the SE-DT is unidimensional with high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = .92) and good test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation = .74). The SE-DT also showed good convergent and divergent validity, demonstrating positive correlations with general self-efficacy and self-compassion, and negative correlations with difficulties in emotion regulation, psychiatric symptoms, and borderline symptoms. The SE-DT showed sensitivity to change, when pre- and post-treatment assessments were compared (Cohen's d = 0.82).Discussion: This is preliminary evidence that the SE-DT has adequate to good psychometric properties, supporting the use of a total sum score. The results indicate that the SE-DT can adequately measure the construct of self-efficacy with regard to dealing with distress and emotional crises. The instrument enables continued investigation of standalone skills training and the specific contribution of distress tolerance skills to treatment outcomes in DBT. Further studies are needed to investigate whether these results are valid in other populations. In addition, the field would benefit from a common definition of distress tolerance.
|
|
| 6. |
- Astenvald, Rebecka, et al.
(författare)
-
Emotion dysregulation in ADHD and other neurodevelopmental conditions : a co-twin control study
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health. - : Springer Nature. - 1753-2000. ; 16
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Emotion dysregulation (ED) is common in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and often results in adverse outcomes. However, ED has been suggested as a transdiagnostic construct, why the specific association between ADHD and ED when adjusting for other mental health conditions needs further investigation. It is also important to determine the aetiological basis of the association between ADHD and ED to inform the theoretical conceptualization of ADHD.METHOD: This study used a co-twin control design, including a sample of dizygotic (DZ) and monozygotic (MZ) twins (N = 389; 45.8% females, age = 8-31 years, MZ twin pairs 57.6%). ED was assessed using the dysregulation profile from the parent-rated Child Behaviour Checklist and its adult version. Regression analyses were used across individuals and within the pairs, while adjusting for diagnoses of autism, intellectual disability, other neurodevelopmental conditions and affective conditions.RESULTS: ADHD was significantly associated with ED, even when adjusting for age, sex, attention problems and other mental health conditions, and was the diagnosis most strongly associated with ED. Within-pair analyses revealed that twins with ADHD had higher levels of ED compared to their co-twin without ADHD. This association remained within DZ twins and was non-significant in the MZ subsample, with non-overlapping confidence intervals between the DZ and MZ estimates.CONCLUSION: ADHD is strongly and in part independently linked to ED, stressing the importance of early detection and treatment of emotional difficulties within this group. The findings from the within-pair analyses indicate a genetic influence on the association between ADHD and ED.
|
|
| 7. |
- Austin, Christine, et al.
(författare)
-
Elemental Dynamics in Hair Accurately Predict Future Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis : An International Multi-Center Study
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Medicine. - : MDPI. - 2077-0383. ; 11:23
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition diagnosed in approximately 2% of children. Reliance on the emergence of clinically observable behavioral patterns only delays the mean age of diagnosis to approximately 4 years. However, neural pathways critical to language and social functions develop during infancy, and current diagnostic protocols miss the age when therapy would be most effective. We developed non-invasive ASD biomarkers using mass spectrometry analyses of elemental metabolism in single hair strands, coupled with machine learning. We undertook a national prospective study in Japan, where hair samples were collected at 1 month and clinical diagnosis was undertaken at 4 years. Next, we analyzed a national sample of Swedish twins and, in our third study, participants from a specialist ASD center in the US. In a blinded analysis, a predictive algorithm detected ASD risk as early as 1 month with 96.4% sensitivity, 75.4% specificity, and 81.4% accuracy (n = 486; 175 cases). These findings emphasize that the dynamics in elemental metabolism are systemically dysregulated in autism, and these signatures can be detected and leveraged in hair samples to predict the emergence of ASD as early as 1 month of age.
|
|
| 8. |
- Curtin, Paul, et al.
(författare)
-
Associations between Elemental Metabolic Dynamics and Default Mode Network Functional Connectivity Are Altered in Autism.
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of clinical medicine. - : MDPI. - 2077-0383. ; 12:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition associated with atypical social communication, cognitive, and sensory faculties. Recent advances in exposure biology suggest that biomarkers of elemental uptake and metabolism measured in hair samples can yield an effective signal predictive of autism diagnosis. Here, we investigated if elemental biomarkers in hair were associated with functional connectivity in regions of the default mode network (DMN) previously linked to autism. In a study sample which included twin pairs with concordant and discordant diagnoses for autism, our analysis of hair samples and neuroimaging data supported two general findings. First, independent of autism diagnosis, we found a broad pattern of association between elemental biomarkers and functional connectivity in the DMN, which primarily involved dynamics in zinc metabolism. Second, we found that associations between the DMN and elemental biomarkers, particularly involving phosphorus, calcium, manganese, and magnesium, differed significantly in autistic participants from control participants. In sum, these findings suggest that functional dynamics in elemental metabolism relate broadly to persistent patterns of functional connectivity in the DMN, and that these associations are altered in the emergence of autism.
|
|
| 9. |
- Dumitriu, Dani, et al.
(författare)
-
Deciduous tooth biomarkers reveal atypical fetal inflammatory regulation in autism spectrum disorder.
- 2023
-
Ingår i: iScience. - : Cell Press. - 2589-0042. ; 26:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atypical regulation of inflammation has been proposed in the etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, measuring the temporal profile of fetal inflammation associated with future ASD diagnosis has not been possible. Here, we present a method to generate approximately daily profiles of prenatal and early childhood inflammation as measured by developmentally archived C-reactive protein (CRP) in incremental layers of deciduous tooth dentin. In our discovery population, a group of Swedish twins, we found heightened inflammation in the third trimester in children with future ASD diagnosis relative to controls (n = 66; 14 ASD cases; critical window: -90 to -50 days before birth). In our replication study, in the US, we observed a similar increase in CRP in ASD cases during the third trimester (n = 47; 23 ASD cases; -128 to -21 days before birth). Our results indicate that the third trimester is a critical period of atypical fetal inflammatory regulation in ASD.
|
|
| 10. |
- Eikenaar, Cas, et al.
(författare)
-
Oxidative damage to lipids is rapidly reduced during migratory stopovers
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Functional Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0269-8463 .- 1365-2435. ; 34:6, s. 1215-1222
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most migrating birds need to stopover in between flights in order to refuel. Lately, additional purposes of stopover have been suggested, including physiological recovery from metabolically demanding migratory flight. One apparently unavoidable, but harmful physiological effect of migratory flight is increased oxidative damage to lipids and proteins. We here, for the first time, tested whether migrating birds are able to reduce their oxidative damage during stopover. To be able to collect longitudinal data on a large number of individual birds, we temporarily caged wild northern wheatears, a long-distance migrant which does not suffer stress when caged during migration. Around noon on the first and third day at stopover, the birds were blood-sampled to determine malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, a commonly used marker of oxidative damage to lipids. We found that MDA concentrations significantly decreased during stopover, a result unchanged when correcting for the peroxidizability of the substrate. The extent of the decrease was unrelated to the amounts of food consumed or of fuel accumulated. Our findings support the hypothesis that stopovers serve reduction of oxidative damage, warranting re-thinking of how birds accomplish their migrations. They also highlight the need to include physiological recovery as a driver of the (temporal) organization of migration. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
|
|
