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- Barthel, Stephan, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Global urbanization and food production in direct competition for land : Leverage places to mitigate impacts on SDG2 and on the Earth System
- 2019
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Ingår i: The Anthropocene Review. - : SAGE Publications. - 2053-0196 .- 2053-020X. ; 6:1-2, s. 71-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Global urbanization and food production are in direct competition for land. This paper carries outa critical review of how displacing crop production from urban and peri-urban land to other areas– because of issues related to soil quality – will demand a substantially larger proportion of theEarth’s terrestrial land surface than the surface area lost to urban encroachment. Such relationshipsmay trigger further distancing effects and unfair social-ecological teleconnections. It risks also settingin motion amplifying effects within the Earth System. In combination, such multiple stressors set thescene for food riots in cities of the Global South. Our review identifies viable leverage points on whichto act in order to navigate urban expansion away from fertile croplands. We first elaborate on thepolitical complexities in declaring urban and peri-urban lands with fertile soils as one global commons.We find that the combination of an advisory global policy aligned with regional policies enablingrobust common properties rights for bottom-up actors and movements in urban and peri-urbanagriculture (UPA) as multi-level leverage places to intervene. To substantiate the ability of aligningglobal advisory policy with regional planning, we review both past and contemporary examples whereempowering local social-ecological UPA practices and circular economies have had a stimulatingeffect on urban resilience and helped preserve, restore, and maintain urban lands with healthy soils.
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| 2. |
- Ekblom, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction
- 2018
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Ingår i: The resilience of heritage : cultivating a future of the past : essays in honour of Professor Paul J.J. Sinclair / edited by Anneli Ekblom, Christian Isendahl och Karl-Johan Lindholm.. - Uppsala : Uppsala universitet. - 1651-1255. - 9789150626759 ; , s. 9-28
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Gunn, Joel D., et al.
(författare)
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A Distribution Analysis of the Central Maya Lowlands Ecoinformation Network: Its Rises, Falls, and Changes
- 2017
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Ingår i: Ecology & society. - 1708-3087. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report a study of central Maya lowland dynastic information networks, i.e., six cities’ external elite ceramic influences, and how they reflect the decision-making practices of Maya elites over 3000 years. Forest cover, i.e., Moraceae family pollen, was added to the network analysis to provide ecological boundary conditions, thus ecologically moderated information networks. Principal components analysis revealed three dominant patterns. First, the networking of interior cities into powerful polities in the Late Preclassic and Classic periods (400 BCE-800 CE). In a second pattern, coastal cities emerged as key entrepôts based on marine navigation (Terminal and Postclassic periods, 800-1500 CE). Climate dynamics and sustainability considerations facilitated the transition. Forest cover, a measure of ecosystem health, shows interior forests diminished as interior cities networked but rebounded as their networks declined. By contrast, coastal forests flourished with networks implying that the marine-based economy was sustainable. Third, in the Classic, the network-dominant coast, west or east, changed with interior polities’ political struggles, the critical transition occurring after 695 CE as Tikal gained dominance over the Calakmul-Caracol alliance. Beginning with the Late Preclassic about 2000 years ago, it is possible to assign names to the decision makers by referencing the growing literature on written Maya records. Although the detectable decision sequence evident in this analysis is very basic, we believe it does open possible avenues to much deeper understanding as the study proceeds into the future. The Integrated History and Future of People on Earth–Maya working group that sponsored the analysis anticipates that it will provide actionable social science intelligence for future decision making at the global scale.
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| 7. |
- Heckbert, Scott, et al.
(författare)
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Growing the Precolumbian Maya Social-Ecological System from the Bottom Up
- 2019
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Ingår i: The Oxford Handbook of Historical Ecology and Applied Archaeology / edited by Christian Isendahl and Daryl Stump.. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 9780199672691 ; , s. 302-322
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Archaeological data can be represented in quantitative models to test theories of societal growth, development, and resilience. This chapter describes the results of simulations employing integrated agent-based, cellular automata, and network models to represent elements of the ancient Maya social-ecological system. The purpose of the model is to better understand the complex dynamics of the Maya civilization and to test quantitative indicators of resilience as predictors of system sustainability or decline. The model examines the relationship between population growth, agricultural production, pressure on ecosystem services, forest succession, value of trade, and the stability of trade networks. These combine to allow agents representing Maya settlements to develop and expand within a landscape that changes under climate variation and responds to anthropogenic pressure. The model is able to reproduce spatial patterns and timelines somewhat analogous to that of the ancient Maya, although this model requires refinement and further archaeological data for calibration.
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