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- Drescher, Axel, et al.
(författare)
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Urban and Peri-Urban Agriculture in the Global South
- 2021
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Ingår i: Charles M. Shackleton, Sarel S. Cilliers, Elandire Davoren & Marié J. du Toit (eds), Urban Ecology in the Global South. - Cham : Springer Nature. - 9783030676506 ; , s. 293-324
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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- Evans, Daniel L., et al.
(författare)
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Buried solutions: How Maya urban life substantiates soil connectivity
- 2021
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Ingår i: Geoderma. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-7061. ; 387
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soils are a pivot of sustainable development. Yet, urban planning decisions persist in compromising the usability of the urban soils resource. Urban land cover expansion to accommodate an increasing population results in soil sealing. Concealment of and physical obstructions to soils prevent urban populations from engaging with their soil dependency. The concept of soil connectivity recognises that nurturing mutually beneficial soil–society relations is an essential dimension for achieving soil security. The concentrated populations of urban environments acutely require productive soil–society relations and offer the greatest potential for enhancing soil connectivity. Soil connectivity remains notably under-researched, however, resulting in deficient evidence to substantiate exactly how soil connectivity can contribute to sustaining urban life. The entanglement of soil and urban development has been critical throughout history, but seldom recognised in soil security discourse. We review the manifestation of effective soil connectivity in Precolumbian lowland Maya tropical urbanism. Archaeological evidence reveals, first, that lowland Maya urban settlement patterns largely preserved the availability, proximity, and accessibility of soils in the subdivision and configuration of urban open space. Second, Maya urban life included practices that proactively contributed to the formation of soils by adding to the stock of soils and improving beneficial soil properties of the thin and often nutrient-poor soils resulting from the regionally dominant karstic lithology. Third, a range of Maya landscape modifications and engineering practices enabled the preservation and protection of soils within urban environments. We derive evidence-based insights on an urban tradition that endured for well over two millennia by incorporating intensive soil–society relationships to substantiate the concept of soil connectivity. Inspiring urban planning to stimulate soil connectivity through enhancing the engagement with soils in urban life would promote soil security.
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- Isendahl, Christian, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Growth and decline of a sustainable city: A multitemporal perspective on blue-black-green infrastructures at the pre-Columbian Lowland Maya city of Tikal
- 2024
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Ingår i: URBAN STUDIES. - 0042-0980 .- 1360-063X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The New Urban Agenda's call for long-term visions in urban planning fails to recognise that 'long-term' implies different longevities depending on context of assessment. Compared to other social sciences, archaeological approaches add rigour to envisioning urban sustainability over several centuries and millennia. The archaeology of the pre-Columbian Lowland Maya urban tradition is an interesting case because data have been used to support conflicting arguments about Maya urban sustainability. We suggest that these contradictions can be partly explained by: (1) sustainability being ambiguously defined, (2) subsets of the urban system being expected to indicate the behaviour of other subsets or of the entire system, and (3) processes being evaluated using different timescales. Drawing on 1500 years of urban history at Tikal, this paper examines how archaeological perspectives add depth of reflection and unfold critical assumptions of the meaning of 'long-term' and 'sustainability' concealed in self-explanatory notions. We outline the development and longevity of urban settlement at Tikal and analyse the blue-black-green (water, soil, vegetation) infrastructures that sustained urban metabolism and sponsored basic urban functions. Our analyses contribute new insights on the challenges associated with future sustainability transitions over varying temporal scales. The diversity of past and present urban systems and infrastructural initiatives cannot be fitted within a single narrative of urban sustainability, however, and much research is required to examine how blue-black-green infrastructures can support transformative change of aggregated human population zones struggling with potable water scarcity, soil degradation, and habitat and biodiversity loss.
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- Isendahl, Christian, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Urban Ecology in the Ancient Tropics : Foodways and Urban Forms
- 2020. - 2
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Ingår i: The Routledge Handbook of Urban Ecology. - London : Routledge. - 9781138581357 ; , s. 13-23
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With roots tracing back to the nineteenth century and the study of ‘natural’ ecosystems, in the 1970s urban ecology emerged as a sub-discipline integrating the natural, engineering, social, and humanist sciences (McDonnell 2011). Adding to the primary scope of urban ecology focusing on the recent past, the present, and planning for the future (e.g. Forman 2016), archaeologists use a deep temporal frame of reference for analyzing socio-ecological processes in urban systems (e.g. Redman 2011). Typically employing an anthropocentric perspective on these interactions and combining data from disparate and complementary sources, archaeologists study what people have done, explain why they did so (by testing and evaluating a multitude of social, economic, cultural, and/or ecological interpretive frameworks), and link outcomes to specific legacies, consequences, and trade-offs of anthropogenic transformations of landscape (Isendahl and Stump 2019). Archaeology can extend the frame of reference and spatial and temporal scale of analysis for urban ecology scholars and planners addressing the wide range of issues and challenges presently associated with cities and urban systems (Isendahl and Barthel 2018).
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- Scarborough, Vernon L., et al.
(författare)
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Distributed urban network systems in the tropical archaeological record: Toward a model for urban sustainability in the era of climate change
- 2020
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Ingår i: Anthropocene Review. - : SAGE Publications. - 2053-0196 .- 2053-020X. ; 7:3, s. 208-230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Identifying and employing the concept of sustainability in the social sciences remain a challenge. One approach presented here emphasizes its utility in examining past urban adaptations primarily from the archaeological record that demonstrate the role of low-density urbanism. Drawing upon early semitropical cities and their dispersed land-use and settlement patterns, both longevity and interconnectivity are shown to have developed in the context of environmental and societal diversity. The impact of climate change to our near-term futures can result in adaptations that accommodate positive societal transformations if all relevant disciplines are included in the dialogue. Past sustainable practices when melded with thoughtfully deployed technologies of today and tomorrow will assist with this new ecology. We argue that generating knowledge about tropical urban systems in the ancient past adds to a more diversified pool of urban models from which to draw for future urban planning. We specifically suggest that networked urban systems of distributed, low-density settlement repeatedly occurring throughout the tropical archaeological records have several social–environmental benefits toward a sustainability transition of cities in the era of climate change.
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