| 1. |
- Carninci, P, et al.
(författare)
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The transcriptional landscape of the mammalian genome
- 2005
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Ingår i: Science (New York, N.Y.). - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 309:5740, s. 1559-1563
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study describes comprehensive polling of transcription start and termination sites and analysis of previously unidentified full-length complementary DNAs derived from the mouse genome. We identify the 5′ and 3′ boundaries of 181,047 transcripts with extensive variation in transcripts arising from alternative promoter usage, splicing, and polyadenylation. There are 16,247 new mouse protein-coding transcripts, including 5154 encoding previously unidentified proteins. Genomic mapping of the transcriptome reveals transcriptional forests, with overlapping transcription on both strands, separated by deserts in which few transcripts are observed. The data provide a comprehensive platform for the comparative analysis of mammalian transcriptional regulation in differentiation and development.
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| 3. |
- Froberg, A, et al.
(författare)
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Force in the achilles tendon during walking with ankle foot orthosis
- 2009
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Ingår i: The American journal of sports medicine. - : SAGE Publications. - 1552-3365 .- 0363-5465. ; 37:6, s. 1200-1207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ankle foot orthoses are used for postoperative treatment of Achilles tendon ruptures and decrease calf muscle electromyography activity during walking. Hypothesis Achilles tendon load decreases with increased restriction of dorsiflexion and is associated with decreased triceps surae activity. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods In 8 subjects, the maximum force and rate of force development in the Achilles tendon were measured with an optic fiber technique, and the activity of the gastrocnemius, soleus, and tibialis anterior muscles was recorded using electromyography. Trial conditions were walking barefoot and wearing an ankle-foot orthoses set in 3 different positions: (1) locked at 20° of plantar flexion and with free plantar flexion but restricted dorsiflexion to (2) 10° plantar flexion and (3) 10° dorsiflexion, respectively. The design of the ankle foot orthoses did not provide heel support when fixed in a plantarflexed position. Results Maximum Achilles tendon force was highest at the ankle-foot orthoses setting of 20° plantar flexion (3.1 times body weight) and decreased to 2.1 times body weight during barefoot walking ( P < .01). The rate of Achilles tendon force showed an increasing trend with less-restricted dorsiflexion. Soleus activity was 52% of mean barefoot walking activity at 3 20° plantar flexion ( P < .001) and then increased as dorsiflexion was less restricted. Conclusion Weightbearing in ankle-foot orthoses when dorsiflexion is restricted beyond neutral may result in increased forces in the Achilles tendon compared with barefoot walking, despite reduced electromyography activity in the triceps surae and decreased rate of force development. Clinical Relevance If patients bear full weight in an ankle-foot orthoses locked at 20° plantar flexion without heel support, the maximum force in the tendon may exceed that encountered during barefoot walking.
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| 6. |
- Matsushita, Taishi, et al.
(författare)
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Density measurements of mould flux slags by electrostatic levitation method
- 2006
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Ingår i: ISIJ International. - : Iron and Steel Institute of Japan. - 0915-1559 .- 1347-5460. ; 46:4, s. 606-610
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present work, the densities of a mould flux slag were measured as a function of temperature by electrostatic levitation (ESL) method. The density of a mould flux, as measured by ESL method decreased linearly with increasing temperature. The results obtained are compared with the value measured by the sessile drop method just above the melting point of the slag. The discrepancies are explained on the basis of the inherent merits and demerits of the two types of measurements. The experimental values of present work were also compared with the density data for other mould flux slags from Swedish plant practice, obtained by the sessile drop method as part of the present work as well as literature data. A thermodynamic model of molar volume, developed in the present group was used to predict the density of slags. The molar volume was described as a function of integral molar enthalpies of mixing. In the case of ternary systems corresponding to the mould flux slag, the calculated values are in reasonable agreement with the experimental values.
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| 7. |
- Takanashi, T, et al.
(författare)
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Unusual response characteristics of pheromone-specific olfactory receptor neurons in the Asian corn borer moth, Ostrinia furnacalis
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Biology. - : The Company of Biologists. - 1477-9145 .- 0022-0949. ; 209:24, s. 4946-4956
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Male moth pheromone-detecting receptor neurons are known to be highly specific and very sensitive. We investigated physiological and behavioral responses to female sex pheromone components in male Ostrinia furnacalis moths (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Using recordings from a cut-sensillum technique, trichoid sensilla could be grouped into four physiological types (1-4), according to the response of receptor neurons to the two major pheromone components, (E)-12- and (Z)-12-tetradecenyl acetate (E12- and Z12-14: OAc). These types could subsequently be characterized as four subtypes (A-D) depending on neural responses to pheromone components from various sister species of O. furnacalis, (Z)-9-, (E)-11- and (Z)-11- tetradecenyl acetate. The peripheral pheromone detection system of O. furnacalis is different to that of other moths. A large majority of the neurons investigated responded to both of the two principal pheromone components. Dose-response and cross-adaptation studies showed that olfactory receptor neurons with large amplitude action potentials responded equally well to E12- and Z12-14: OAc in sensillum types 1-3. Field experiments showed that O. furnacalis males are sensitive to ratios of E12- and Z12-14: OAc and that (Z)-9- tetradecenyl acetate acts as a behavioral antagonist. O. furnacalis males thus display an unusual coding system for odors involved in sexual communication, mainly built on less specific neurons, but still have the ability to detect and respond to the correct female blend. We hypothesize that the pheromone detection system of O. furnacalis consists of two parts, where one is devoted to high sensitivity to Delta 12 isomers of tetradecenyl acetate, E12- and Z12-14: OAc and the other to highly specific responses to the E12- or Z12-14: OAc. The unusual feature is thus that a large part of the system is devoted to sensitivity and only a minor part to selectivity. This could be explained by the fact that no other moth species are known to use E12- and/or Z12-14: OAc and that no strong selective pressure to increase selectivity between the isomers has been determined.
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