| 1. |
- Tuskan, G A, et al.
(författare)
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The genome of black cottonwood, Populus trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray).
- 2006
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 313:5793, s. 1596-604
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the draft genome of the black cottonwood tree, Populus trichocarpa. Integration of shotgun sequence assembly with genetic mapping enabled chromosome-scale reconstruction of the genome. More than 45,000 putative protein-coding genes were identified. Analysis of the assembled genome revealed a whole-genome duplication event; about 8000 pairs of duplicated genes from that event survived in the Populus genome. A second, older duplication event is indistinguishably coincident with the divergence of the Populus and Arabidopsis lineages. Nucleotide substitution, tandem gene duplication, and gross chromosomal rearrangement appear to proceed substantially more slowly in Populus than in Arabidopsis. Populus has more protein-coding genes than Arabidopsis, ranging on average from 1.4 to 1.6 putative Populus homologs for each Arabidopsis gene. However, the relative frequency of protein domains in the two genomes is similar. Overrepresented exceptions in Populus include genes associated with lignocellulosic wall biosynthesis, meristem development, disease resistance, and metabolite transport.
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| 2. |
- Islam, Quamrul, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Functional characterization of cell hybrids generated by induced fusion of primary porcine mesenchymal stem cells with an immortal murine cell line
- 2006
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Ingår i: Cell and Tissue Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0302-766X .- 1432-0878. ; 326:1, s. 123-137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) integrate into various organs and contribute to the regeneration of diverse tissues. However, the mechanistic basis of the plasticity of MSC is not fully understood. The change of cell fate has been suggested to occur through cell fusion. We have generated hybrid cell lines by polyethylene-glycol-mediated cell fusion of primary porcine MSC with the immortal murine fibroblast cell line F7, a derivative of the GM05267 cell line. The hybrid cell lines display fibroblastic morphology and proliferate like immortal cells. They contain tetraploid to hexaploid porcine chromosomes accompanied by hypo-diploid murine chromosomes. Interestingly, many hybrid cell lines also express high levels of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase, which is considered to be a marker of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells. All tested hybrid cell lines retain osteogenic differentiation, a few of them also retain adipogenic potential, but none retain chondrogenic differentiation. Conditioned media from hybrid cells enhance the proliferation of both early-passage and late-passage porcine MSC, indicating that the hybrid cells secrete diffusible growth stimulatory factors. Murine F7 cells thus have the unique property of generating immortal cell hybrids containing unusually high numbers of chromosomes derived from normal cells. These hybrid cells can be employed in various studies to improve our understanding of regenerative biology. This is the first report, to our knowledge, describing the generation of experimentally induced cell hybrids by using normal primary MSC. © Springer-Verlag 2006.
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| 3. |
- Bari, Muhammad R., et al.
(författare)
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H2O2-induced Ca2+ influx and its inhibition by N-(p-amylcinnamoyl) anthranilic acid in the beta-cells : involvement of TRPM2 channels
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (Print). - : Wiley. - 1582-1838 .- 1582-4934. ; 13:9B, s. 3260-3267
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Type 2 melastatin-related transient receptor potential channel (TRPM2), a member of the melastatin-related TRP (transient receptor potential) subfamily is a Ca(2+)-permeable channel activated by hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). We have investigated the role of TRPM2 channels in mediating the H(2)O(2)-induced increase in the cytoplasmic free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in insulin-secreting cells. In fura-2 loaded INS-1E cells, a widely used model of beta-cells, and in human beta-cells, H(2)O(2) increased [Ca(2+)](i), in the presence of 3 mM glucose, by inducing Ca(2+) influx across the plasma membrane. H(2)O(2)-induced Ca(2+) influx was not blocked by nimodipine, a blocker of the L-type voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels nor by 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, a blocker of several TRP channels and store-operated channels, but it was completely blocked by N-(p-amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid (ACA), a potent inhibitor of TRPM2. Adenosine diphosphate phosphate ribose, a specific activator of TRPM2 channel and H(2)O(2), induced inward cation currents that were blocked by ACA. Western blot using antibodies directed to the epitopes on the N-terminal and on the C-terminal parts of TRPM2 identified the full length TRPM2 (TRPM2-L), and the C-terminally truncated TRPM2 (TRPM2-S) in human islets. We conclude that functional TRPM2 channels mediate H(2)O(2)-induced Ca(2+) entry in beta-cells, a process potently inhibited by ACA.
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| 6. |
- Velagapudi, Vidya R., et al.
(författare)
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The gut microbiota modulates host energy and lipid metabolism in mice
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Lipid Research. - 0022-2275 .- 1539-7262. ; 51:5, s. 1101-1112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The gut microbiota has recently been identified as an environmental factor that may promote metabolic diseases. To investigate the effect of gut microbiota on host energy and lipid metabolism, we compared the serum metabolome and the lipidomes of serum, adipose tissue, and liver of conventionally raised (CONV-R) and germ-free mice. The serum metabolome of CONV-R mice was characterized by increased levels of energy metabolites e.g. pyruvic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, and malic acid while levels of cholesterol and fatty acids were reduced. We also showed that the microbiota modified a number of lipid species in the serum, adipose tissue and liver, with its greatest effect on triglyceride and phosphatidylcholine species. Triglyceride levels were lower in serum but higher in adipose tissue and liver of CONV-R mice, consistent with increased lipid clearance. Our findings show that the gut microbiota affects both host energy and lipid metabolism, and highlights its role in the development of metabolic diseases.
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