| 1. |
- Tuskan, G A, et al.
(författare)
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The genome of black cottonwood, Populus trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray).
- 2006
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 313:5793, s. 1596-604
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the draft genome of the black cottonwood tree, Populus trichocarpa. Integration of shotgun sequence assembly with genetic mapping enabled chromosome-scale reconstruction of the genome. More than 45,000 putative protein-coding genes were identified. Analysis of the assembled genome revealed a whole-genome duplication event; about 8000 pairs of duplicated genes from that event survived in the Populus genome. A second, older duplication event is indistinguishably coincident with the divergence of the Populus and Arabidopsis lineages. Nucleotide substitution, tandem gene duplication, and gross chromosomal rearrangement appear to proceed substantially more slowly in Populus than in Arabidopsis. Populus has more protein-coding genes than Arabidopsis, ranging on average from 1.4 to 1.6 putative Populus homologs for each Arabidopsis gene. However, the relative frequency of protein domains in the two genomes is similar. Overrepresented exceptions in Populus include genes associated with lignocellulosic wall biosynthesis, meristem development, disease resistance, and metabolite transport.
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| 2. |
- Rosengren, Annika, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Education and risk for acute myocardial infarction in 52 high, middle and low-income countries: INTERHEART case-control study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Heart. - 1468-201X. ; 95:24, s. 2014-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of education and other measures of socioeconomic status (SES) on risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients and controls from countries with diverse economic circumstances (high, middle, and low income countries). DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: 52 countries from all inhabited regions of the world. PARTICIPANTS: 12242 cases and 14622 controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: First non-fatal AMI. RESULTS: SES was measured using education, family income, possessions in the household and occupation. Low levels of education (< or =8 years) were more common in cases compared to controls (45.0% and 38.1%; p<0.0001). The odds ratio (OR) for low education adjusted for age, sex and region was 1.56 (95% confidence interval 1.47 to 1.66). After further adjustment for psychosocial, lifestyle, other factors and mutually for other socioeconomic factors, the OR associated with education < or =8 years was 1.31 (1.20 to 1.44) (p<0.0001). Modifiable lifestyle factors (smoking, exercise, consumption of vegetables and fruits, alcohol and abdominal obesity) explained about half of the socioeconomic gradient. Family income, numbers of possessions and non-professional occupation were only weakly or not at all independently related to AMI. In high-income countries (World Bank Classification), the risk factor adjusted OR associated with low education was 1.61 (1.33 to 1.94), whereas it was substantially lower in low-income and middle-income countries: 1.25 (1.14 to 1.37) (p for interaction 0.045). CONCLUSION: Of the SES measures we studied, low education was the marker most consistently associated with increased risk for AMI globally, most markedly in high-income countries.
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| 3. |
- Islam, Quamrul, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Functional characterization of cell hybrids generated by induced fusion of primary porcine mesenchymal stem cells with an immortal murine cell line
- 2006
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Ingår i: Cell and Tissue Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0302-766X .- 1432-0878. ; 326:1, s. 123-137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) integrate into various organs and contribute to the regeneration of diverse tissues. However, the mechanistic basis of the plasticity of MSC is not fully understood. The change of cell fate has been suggested to occur through cell fusion. We have generated hybrid cell lines by polyethylene-glycol-mediated cell fusion of primary porcine MSC with the immortal murine fibroblast cell line F7, a derivative of the GM05267 cell line. The hybrid cell lines display fibroblastic morphology and proliferate like immortal cells. They contain tetraploid to hexaploid porcine chromosomes accompanied by hypo-diploid murine chromosomes. Interestingly, many hybrid cell lines also express high levels of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase, which is considered to be a marker of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells. All tested hybrid cell lines retain osteogenic differentiation, a few of them also retain adipogenic potential, but none retain chondrogenic differentiation. Conditioned media from hybrid cells enhance the proliferation of both early-passage and late-passage porcine MSC, indicating that the hybrid cells secrete diffusible growth stimulatory factors. Murine F7 cells thus have the unique property of generating immortal cell hybrids containing unusually high numbers of chromosomes derived from normal cells. These hybrid cells can be employed in various studies to improve our understanding of regenerative biology. This is the first report, to our knowledge, describing the generation of experimentally induced cell hybrids by using normal primary MSC. © Springer-Verlag 2006.
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| 4. |
- Demuth, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Pathogenomics: An updated European Research Agenda
- 2008
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Ingår i: Infection, Genetics and Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 1567-7257 .- 1567-1348. ; 8:3, s. 386-393
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The emerging genomic technologies and bioinformatics provide novel opportunities for studying life-threatening human pathogens and to develop new applications for the improvement of human and animal health and the prevention, treatment, and diagnosis of infections. Based on the ecology and population biology of pathogens and related organisms and their connection to epidemiology, more accurate typing technologies and approaches will lead to better means of disease control. The analysis of the genome plasticity and gene pools of pathogenic bacteria including antigenic diversity and antigenic variation results in more effective vaccines and vaccine implementation programs. The study of newly identified and uncultivated microorganisms enables the identification of new threats. The scrutiny of the metabolism of the pathogen in the host allows the identification of new targets for anti-infectives and therapeutic approaches. The development of modulators of host responses and mediators of host damage will be facilitated by the research on interactions of microbes and hosts, including mechanisms of host damage, acute and chronic relationships as well as commensalisms. The study of multiple pathogenic and non-pathogenic microbes interacting in the host will improve the management of multiple infections and will allow probiotic and prebiotic interventions. Needless to iterate, the application of the results of improved prevention and treatment of infections into clinical tests will have a positive impact on the management of human and animal disease. The Pathogenomics Research Agenda draws on discussions with experts of the Network of Excellence "EuroPathoGenomics" at the management board meeting of the project held during 18-21 April 2007, in the Villa Vigoni, Menaggio, Italy. Based on a proposed European Research Agenda in the field of pathogenomics by the ERA-NET PathoGenoMics the meeting's participants updated the established list of topics as the research agenda for the future.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Gamble, MV, et al.
(författare)
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Folic acid supplementation lowers blood arsenic
- 2007
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Ingår i: The American journal of clinical nutrition. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 86:4, s. 1202-1209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
- Harris, Aaron M, et al.
(författare)
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Shifting prevalence of major diarrheal pathogens in patients seeking hospital care during floods in 1998, 2004, and 2007 in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
- 2008
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Ingår i: The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene. - 1476-1645. ; 79:5, s. 708-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bangladesh experienced severe flooding and diarrheal epidemics in 2007. We compared flood data from 2007 with 2004 and 1998 for diarrheal patients attending the ICDDR,B hospital in Dhaka. In 2007, Vibrio cholerae O1 (33%), rotavirus (12%), and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) (12%) were most prevalent. More severe dehydration was seen in 2007 compared with 2004 and 1998 (P < 0.001). In 2007, V. cholerae O1 Inaba (52%) and Ogawa (48%) were seen, whereas in 2004 and 1998 it was primarily Inaba and the Ogawa types, respectively (P < 0.001). In 2007, 51% of ETEC produced the heat labile toxin (LT) (P < 0.001 compared with 2004), 22% expressed the heat stable (ST) (P < 0.001), and 27% were ST/LT positive (P = 0.231). The CS7 colonization factor (CF) was the most prevalent in 2007 (20% compared with 6% in 2004; P = 0.05). Our findings demonstrate alterations in clinical features and phenotypic changes of major bacterial pathogens in the recent Bangladesh flood.
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| 8. |
- Humail, Islam S, et al.
(författare)
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Tensile behavior change depending on the varying tungsten content of W--Ni--Fe alloys
- 2007
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Ingår i: International journal of refractory metals & hard materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0263-4368. ; 25:5-6, s. 380-385
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tungsten heavy alloys (WHAs) are metal–metal composites consisting of nearly pure spherical tungsten particles embedded in a Ni–Fe–W or Ni–Co–W or Ni–Cu–W ductile matrix. In this dual phase alloy, there are several complicated relations between the ductile matrix and hard tungsten particles. The aim of this research was to examine the effect of varying tungsten content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of tungsten heavy alloys. The microstructural parameters (grain size, connectivity, contiguity and solid volume fraction) were measured and were found to have a significant effect on the mechanical properties of tungsten-based heavy alloys. The result shows that the binding strength between the W and the matrix phase has a major influence on the ductility of tungsten-based alloys. The larger this binding force is, the better the ductility is.
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| 9. |
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