| 1. |
- Ali, Aamer, et al.
(författare)
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Progress in module design for membrane distillation
- 2024
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Ingår i: Desalination. - : Elsevier. - 0011-9164 .- 1873-4464. ; 581
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There have been tremendous advances in membrane distillation (MD) since the concept was introduced in 1961: new membrane designs and process configurations have emerged, and its commercial viability has been evaluated in several pilot-scale studies. However, its high energy consumption has hindered its commercialization. One of the most promising ways to overcome this obstacle is to develop more energy-efficient membrane modules. The MD research community has therefore developed diverse new module configurations for hollow fiber and flat sheet membranes that increase the thermal energy efficiency of MD by minimizing thermal polarization, increasing mass transfer across the membrane, and improving heat recovery from the condensed vapor. This review summarizes the progress that has been made in the design of hollow fiber and flat sheet membrane modules for MD applications. It begins with a brief introduction to MD and its configurations before describing developments in module fabrication and highlighting key areas where further research is needed.
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| 2. |
- Ismail, Norafiqah, et al.
(författare)
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Solvent in polymeric membrane formation
- 2024
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Ingår i: Polymeric membrane formation by phase inversion. - : Elsevier. - 9780323956284 - 9780323956291 ; , s. 303-319
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The solvent is a vital element in the production of membranes, playing a critical role in determining their structure, properties, and performance. In the process of manufacturing membranes, a substantial quantity of conventional organic solvents is typically employed. Traditional solvents, such as dimethylformamide (DMF), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), dimethylacetamide (DMAc), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and tetrahydrofuran possess potential hazards. They can be highly flammable, irritating, and even pose reproductive toxicity risks. Furthermore, aside from their high toxicity, the energy consumption required to remove or recycle these solvents from water is significant. While conventional petroleum-derived solvents have conventionally been employed in membrane fabrication, there is growing attention toward greener alternatives with lower toxicity. This shift is motivated by the desire to reduce the adverse effects on human health and the environment associated with their use. As the world moves toward a more bio-based manufacturing approach, the global potential for new bio-derived solvents with reduced hazards is expected to increase.
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| 3. |
- Ismail, Norafiqah, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainability in membrane production
- 2024
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Ingår i: Polymeric membrane formation by phase inversion. - : Elsevier. - 9780323956284 - 9780323956291 ; , s. 421-433
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Polymeric membranes are widely recognized for their high efficiency and minimal environmental impact in advanced separation technologies. However, membrane production processes' sustainability and environmental friendliness still pose significant challenges. During the membrane manufacturing process, the use of nonbiodegradable petroleum-based polymers and hazardous solvents is prevalent. These materials not only contribute to the energy crisis but also create disposal challenges at the end of their lifespan, posing risks to both workers and the environment. To address these concerns, it is imperative to replace traditional materials with biobased polymers and green solvents in membrane preparation. Additionally, the wastewater generated during membrane fabrication contains significant amounts of organic solvents, necessitating effective treatment or recycling prior to discharge. Furthermore, instead of end-of-life membrane being discarded in landfills, a large quantity of spent membrane elements should be repurposed and recovered. This chapter provides valuable insight aimed at improving the sustainability of membrane technology, specifically highlighting progress made in the aforementioned areas. By analyzing the requirements for transforming the membrane industry, the chapter underscores the importance of embracing circular economy principles.
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| 4. |
- Othman, Faten Ermala Che, et al.
(författare)
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A review on sustainable graphene production from rice husks : strategies and key considerations
- 2024
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Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Journal. - : Elsevier. - 1385-8947 .- 1873-3212. ; 497
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this review, the history of the graphene and their excellent structure and properties were briefly explained. The form of graphene in different allotropes and derivatives were also discussed as each type possessed different structures and properties, that were important in specific applications depending the quality of the produced graphene. On top of that, the main sustainability issues arise in the different synthesis methods for fabrication of graphene and graphene-based materials were discussed and reviewed. This review also focused in finding the cost-efficient, environmental-friendly, energy efficient, and low carbon footprint graphene precursors as an insight for potential development of sustainable graphene materials. Rice husk as an abundant and cheap lignocellulosic biomass wastes with high content of cellulose is a great candidate for sustainable graphene precursor. The excellent morphological structure, physicochemical, thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of rice husks-derived graphene for utilization in wide-range of applications were discussed. This review also concluded on the future insights and perspectives of the rice husk-derived graphene.
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