| 1. |
- Cerna, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Nurses' work practices in design : managing the complexity of pain
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Workplace Learning. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1366-5626 .- 1758-7859. ; 32:2, s. 135-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand the activities in nurses' work practices in relation to the design process of a self-monitoring application. Design/methodology/approach: A design ethnographic approach was applied in this study. Findings: To solve the problem of translating highly qualitative phenomena, such as pain, into the particular abstract features of a self-monitoring application, design participants had to balance these two aspects by managing complexity. In turn, the nurses'€™ work practices have changed because it now involves a new activity based on a different logic than the nurses’ traditional work practices. Originality/value: This study describes a new activity included in nurses’ work practices when the nurses became part of a design process. This study introduces a novel way on how to gain a deeper understanding of existing professional practice through a detailed study of activities taking place in a design process. This study explores the possible implications for nurses’ professional practices when they participate in a self-monitoring application design process. Â2020, Emerald Publishing Limited.
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| 2. |
- Cerna, Katerina, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Nurses' work practices in design: managing the complexity of pain
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Workplace Learning. - : Emerald. - 1366-5626. ; 2:2, s. 135-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose The purpose of this study is to understand the activities in nurses' work practices in relation to the design process of a self-monitoring application. Design/methodology/approach A design ethnographic approach was applied in this study. Findings To solve the problem of translating highly qualitative phenomena, such as pain, into the particular abstract features of a self-monitoring application, design participants had to balance these two aspects by managing complexity. In turn, the nurses' work practices have changed because it now involves a new activity based on a different logic than the nurses' traditional work practices. Originality/value This study describes a new activity included in nurses' work practices when the nurses became part of a design process. This study introduces a novel way on how to gain a deeper understanding of existing professional practice through a detailed study of activities taking place in a design process. This study explores the possible implications for nurses' professional practices when they participate in a self-monitoring application design process.
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| 3. |
- Hillman, Thomas, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Brave new platforms: a possible platform future for highly decentralised schoolin
- 2020
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Ingår i: Learning, Media & Technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1743-9884 .- 1743-9892. ; 45:1, s. 7-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden has one of the most marketised and decentralised school systems in the world while also ranking amongst countries with the highest levels of access to technology in classrooms. Considering the increasingly central role that digital platforms play in the practices of schooling, this article speculates on what might happen during the 2020s in highly decentralised school systems like Sweden’s. Based on current trends in education, directions indicated by platformisation in other contexts and taking a critical speculative approach, it offers a discussion of what could happen to the practices of schooling and the public mission of education. This discussion is intended to raise important questions for researchers, educators and policy makers to consider as the platformisation of schooling unfolds.
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| 4. |
- Ivarsson, Jonas, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Aligning Video-And Structured Data for Imaging Optimisation.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Radiation protection dosimetry. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1742-3406 .- 0144-8420. ; 195:3-4, s. 134-138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Imaging optimisation can benefit from combining structured data with qualitative data in the form of audio and video recordings. Since video is complex to work with, there is a need to find a workable solution that minimises the additional time investment. The purpose of the paper is to outline a general workflow that can begin to address this issue. What is described is a data management process comprising the three steps of collection, mining and contextualisation. This process offers a way to work systematically and at a large scale without succumbing to the context loss of statistical methods. The proposed workflow effectively combines the video and structured data to enable a new level of insights in the optimisation process.
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| 5. |
- Ivarsson, Jonas, 1976
(författare)
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Dealing with Daemons. Trust in Autonomous Systems
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Anthem Companion to Harold Garfinkel. - : Anthem Press. - 9781839982644 ; , s. 163-180
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chapter addresses a series of events that took place in a large Swedish hospital over four years. The specific setting under investigation comprises the handling of imaging technology used for surgery. Because of the scale and structure of the equipment, its use necessarily builds on the collaborative efforts of several different professions, making it a complex socio-technical system. In addition to the day-today surgical operations, a hybrid study of work was organized in the form of a research project—the project aimed to explore how the technical system was used and possibly develop more effective strategies. However, what was uncovered was a form of deeply embedded unpredictability that would potentially challenge the trust in the technology, a trust that would necessarily be taken for granted for the organization to work. This chapter then offers an examination of the hybrid study. The objective is to highlight the lessons learned beyond the individual case study by discussing the trust conditions that stabilize the use of algorithmic systems. It is argued that the stabilization becomes a continuous process in which the outputs of the system must fit with a set of presuppositions held by the practitioners and take the form of recognizable typical occurrences.
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| 6. |
- Ivarsson, Jonas, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Phenomenal fields forever. Instructed action and perception’s work
- 2023
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Ingår i: Instructed and Instructive Actions. The Situated Production, Reproduction, and Subversion of Social Order, edited by Michael Lynch & Oskar Lindwall. - London : Routledge. - 9781003279235 ; , s. 57-72
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The starting point for the study is the idea that many practices rely on specific methods that regularly evade formalized accounts. Some techniques are considered too trivial or idiosyncratic even when providing descriptions of the work intended as instructions. This chapter analyzes such a case taken from endovascular surgery: a form of image-guided intervention that relies on angiography and fluoroscopy imaging modalities. In this practice, surgeons must repeatedly move between different images while still remembering certain visualized features that are now lost from view. Some procedures to overcome this challenge have been outlined in the medical literature. We describe an additional method, which is de facto used in practice while still residing outside of the formally recognized methods of that practice. The technique relies on the creative use of a computer cursor as a visual aid for marking locations in the images. This workaround is built on local practices and technologies and is now an integral part of how the work gets done. It operates as a form of instructed action: a series of activities prospectively oriented to creating a shared phenomenal field by and for the collaborating surgeons.
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| 7. |
- Ivarsson, Jonas, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Role of requests and communication breakdowns in the coordination of teamwork: a video-based observational study of hybrid operating rooms.
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 10:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the functional role of 'requests' in the coordination of surgical activities in the operating room (OR). A secondary aim was to describe, closely, instances of potential miscommunication to scrutinise how so-called conversational repairs were used to address and prevent mistakes.Non-participant video-based observations.Team coordination around image acquisitions (digital subtraction angiography) done during endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) procedures in a hybrid OR.The study followed and documented a total of 72 EVAR procedures, out of which 12 were video-recorded (58hours). The results were based on 12 teams operating during these recorded surgeries and specifically targeted all sequences involving controlled apnoea. In total, 115 sequences were analysed within the theoretical framework of conversation analysis.The results indicated a simple structure of communication that can enable the successful coordination of work between different team members. Central to this analysis was the distinction between immediate requests and pre-requests. The results also showed how conversational repairs became key in establishing joint understanding and, therefore, how they can function as crucial resources in safety management operations.The results suggest the possibility of devising an interactional framework to minimise problems with communication, thereby enabling the advancement of patient safety. By making the distinction between different types of requests explicit, certain ambiguities can be mitigated and some misunderstandings avoided. One way to accomplish this practically would be to tie various actions to clearer and more distinct forms of expression.
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| 8. |
- Ivarsson, Jonas, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Suspicious Minds: the Problem of Trust and Conversational Agents
- 2023
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Ingår i: Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW). - 0925-9724 .- 1573-7551.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, the field of natural language processing has seen substantial developments, resulting in powerful voice-based interactive services. The quality of the voice and interactivity are sometimes so good that the artificial can no longer be differentiated from real persons. Thus, discerning whether an interactional partner is a human or an artificial agent is no longer merely a theoretical question but a practical problem society faces. Consequently, the ‘Turing test’ has moved from the laboratory into the wild. The passage from the theoretical to the practical domain also accentuates understanding as a topic of continued inquiry. When interactions are successful but the artificial agent has not been identified as such, can it also be said that the interlocutors have understood each other? In what ways does understanding figure in real-world human–computer interactions? Based on empirical observations, this study shows how we need two parallel conceptions of understanding to address these questions. By departing from ethnomethodology and conversation analysis, we illustrate how parties in a conversation regularly deploy two forms of analysis (categorial and sequential) to understand their interactional partners. The interplay between these forms of analysis shapes the developing sense of interactional exchanges and is crucial for established relations. Furthermore, outside of experimental settings, any problems in identifying and categorizing an interactional partner raise concerns regarding trust and suspicion. When suspicion is roused, shared understanding is disrupted. Therefore, this study concludes that the proliferation of conversational systems, fueled by artificial intelligence, may have unintended consequences, including impacts on human–human interactions.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Kuroshima, Satomi, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Toward a praxeological account of performing surgery: Overcoming methodological and technical constraints
- 2021
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Ingår i: Social Interaction. Video-Based Studies of Human Sociality. - : Det Kgl. Bibliotek/Royal Danish Library. - 2446-3620. ; 4:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surgical operations are fundamentally comprised of multisensorial and multimodal activities. As surgical work involves professional and technical skills that entail a multitude of sensorial information, various methodological difficulties and technical constraints emerge for analysts. Subjective sensations and feedback received during the participants' constructed actions may not be available to outsiders, and the privilege of studying surgical operations is not always guaranteed for the fieldworker. However, as practical surgical tasks are constructed from the routine progression of mundane activities, technical and methodological difficulties can be overcome, confirming the perspicuous nature of surgical operations for social scientists as outsiders. In this report, the researchers describe their fieldwork experiences in two different types of operating rooms—gastroenterology surgical operations in a Japanese context and endovascular aortic repairs in a Swedish context—with a specific focus on how they controlled the technical challenges. This demonstrates the value of surgical operations as a site for scientific investigation independent of expert knowledge about surgery.
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