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- Both, C., et al.
(författare)
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Pied Flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca travelling from Africa to breed in Europe: differential effects of winter and migration conditions on breeding date
- 2006
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Ingår i: ARDEA. - 0373-2266 .- 2213-1175. ; 94:3, s. 511-525
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In most bird species there is only a short time window available for optimal breeding due to variation in ecological conditions in a seasonal environment. Long-distance migrants must travel before they start breeding, and conditions at the wintering grounds and during migration may affect travelling speed and hence arrival and breeding dates. These effects are to a large extent determined by climate variables such as rainfall and temperature, and need to be identified to predict how well species can adapt to climate change. In this paper we analyse effects of vegetation growth on the wintering grounds and sites en route on the annual timing of breeding of 17 populations of Pied Flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca studied between 1982–2000. Timing of breeding was largely correlated with local spring temperatures, supplemented by striking effects of African vegetation and NAO. Populations differed in the effects of vegetation growth on the wintering grounds, and on their northern African staging grounds, as well as ecological conditions in Europe as measured by the winter NAO. In general, early breeding populations (low altitude, western European populations) bred earlier in years with more vegetation in the Northern Sahel zone, as well as in Northern Africa. In contrast, late breeding populations (high altitude and northern and eastern populations) advanced their breeding dates when circumstances in Europe were more advanced (high NAO). Thus, timing of breeding in most Pied Flycatcher populations not only depends upon local circumstances, but also on conditions encountered during travelling, and these effects differ across populations dependent on the timing of travelling and breeding.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Järvinen, Tero A. H., et al.
(författare)
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Muscle injuries : optimising recovery
- 2007
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Ingår i: Baillière's Best Practice & Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1521-6942 .- 1532-1770. ; 21:2, s. 317-331
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Muscle injuries are one of the most common traumas occurring in sports. Despite their clinical importance, there are only a few clinical studies on the treatment of muscle injuries. Lack of clinical studies is most probably attributable to the fact that there is not only a high heterogeneity in the severity of injuries, but also the injuries take place in different muscles, making it very demanding to carry out clinical trials. Accordingly, the current treatment principles of muscle injuries have either been derived from experimental studies or been tested empirically only. Clinically, first aid for muscle injuries follows the RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression and Elevation) principle. The objective of RICE is to stop the injury-induced bleeding into the muscle tissue and thereby minimise the extent of the injury. Clinical examination should be carried out immediately after the injury and 5-7 days after the initial trauma, at which point the severity of the injury can be assessed more reliably. At that time, a more detailed characterisation of the injury can be made using imaging diagnostic modalities (ultrasound or MRI) if desired. The treatment of injured skeletal muscle should be carried out by immediate immobilisation of the injured muscle (clinically, relative immobility/avoidance of muscle contractions). However, the duration of immobilisation should be limited to a period sufficient to produce a scar of sufficient strength to bear the forces induced by remobilisation without re-rupture and the return to activity (mobilisation) should then be started gradually within the limits of pain. Early return to activity is needed to optimise the regeneration of healing muscle and recovery of the flexibility and strength of the injured skeletal muscle to pre-injury levels. The rehabilitation programme should be built around progressive agility and trunk stabilisation exercises, as these exercises seem to yield better outcome for injured skeletal muscle than programmes based exclusively on stretching and strengthening of the injured muscle.
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| 5. |
- Kotronen, A., et al.
(författare)
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Serum saturated fatty acids containing triacylglycerols are better markers of insulin resistance than total serum triacylglycerol concentrations
- 2009
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 52:4, s. 684-690
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The weak relationship between insulin resistance and total serum triacylglycerols (TGs) could be in part due to heterogeneity of TG molecules and their distribution within different lipoproteins. We determined concentrations of individual TGs and the fatty acid composition of serum and major lipoprotein particles and analysed how changes in different TGs and fatty acid composition are related to features of insulin resistance and abdominal obesity.METHODS: We performed lipidomic analyses of all major lipoprotein fractions using two analytical platforms in 16 individuals, who exhibited a broad range of insulin sensitivity.RESULTS: We identified 45 different TGs in serum. Serum TGs containing saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were positively, while TGs containing essential linoleic acid (18:2 n-6) were negatively correlated with HOMA-IR. Specific serum TGs that correlated positively with HOMA-IR were also significantly positively related to HOMA-IR when measured in very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs), intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDLs) and LDL, but not in HDL subfraction 2 (HDL(2)) or 3 (HDL(3)). Analyses of proportions of esterified fatty acids within lipoproteins revealed that palmitic acid (16:0) was positively related to HOMA-IR when measured in VLDL, IDL and LDL, but not in HDL(2) or HDL(3). Monounsaturated palmitoleic (16:1 n-7) and oleic (18:1 n-9) acids were positively related to HOMA-IR when measured in HDL(2) and HDL(3), but not in VLDL, IDL or LDL. Linoleic acid was negatively related to HOMA-IR in all lipoproteins.CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Serum concentrations of specific TGs, such as TG(16:0/16:0/18:1) or TG(16:0/18:1/18:0), may be more precise markers of insulin resistance than total serum TG concentrations.
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| 6. |
- Sievers, M., et al.
(författare)
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Gene Expression and Immunohistochemistry in Adipose Tissue of HIV Type 1-Infected Patients with Nucleoside Analogue Reverse-Transcriptase Inhibitor-Associated Lipoatrophy
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press. - 0022-1899 .- 1537-6613. ; 200:2, s. 252-262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:Long-term use of both zidovudine (AZT) and stavudine (d4T) is associated with lipoatrophy, but it occurs possibly through different mechanisms.METHODS:Surgical biopsy specimens of subcutaneous adipose tissue were obtained from 18 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected lipoatrophic patients (the LA+ group) who were treated with either zidovudine (the AZT+LA+ group; n = 10) or stavudine (the d4T+LA+ group; n = 8) and from 10 nonlipoatrophic HIV-1-infected patients (the LA- group) who received antiretroviral therapy. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy numbers, gene expression, and immunohistochemistry data were analyzed.RESULTS:mtDNA copy numbers were significantly reduced in the LA+ group, compared with the LA- group, and in the d4T+LA+ group, compared with the AZT+LA+ group. The ratio of mtDNA-encoded cytochrome COX3 to nuclear DNA-encoded COX4 expression was significantly lower in the LA+ group than in the LA- group. Compared with the LA- group, the LA+ group had significantly lower expression of genes involved in adipogenesis (SREBP1c and CEBPB), lipid (fatty acid synthase), and glucose (GLUT4) metabolism. Expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC1B), apoptosis (FAS), inflammation (IL1B), oxidative stress (PCNA and SOD1), and lamin B was significantly higher in the LA+ group than in the LA- group. The d4T+LA+ group had significantly lower expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis (POLG1), energy metabolism (the COX3/COX4 ratio), adipogenesis (SREBP1c and CEBPA), perilipin, and hexokinase than did the AZT+LA+ group. There were 7-fold more macrophages in adipose tissue specimens obtained from patients in the LA+ group, compared with the LA- group.CONCLUSIONS:Lipoatrophy is characterized by mtDNA depletion, inflammation, and signs of apoptosis. Changes were more profound in the d4T+LA+ group than in the AZT+LA+ group
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| 7. |
- Siltanen, Sanna, et al.
(författare)
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ARLTS1 germline variants and the risk for breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Journal of Human Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-4813 .- 1476-5438. ; 16:8, s. 983-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently, a nonsense alteration Trp149Stop in the ARLTS1 gene was found more frequently in familial cancer cases versus sporadic cancer patients and healthy controls. Here, the role of Trp149Stop or any other ARLTS1 germline variant was evaluated on breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer risk. The whole gene was screened for germline alterations in 855 familial cancer patients. The five observed variants were further screened in 1169 non-familial cancer patients as well as in 809 healthy population controls. The Trp149Stop was found at low frequencies (0.5-1.2%) in all patient subgroups versus 1.6% in controls, and the mutant allele did not co-segregate with disease status in families with multiple affected individuals. The CC genotype in the Cys148Arg variant was slightly more common among both familial and sporadic breast (odds ratio (OR), 1.48; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.16-1.87; P=0.001) and prostate cancer patients (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.13-1.99; P=0.005) when compared to controls. A novel ARLTS1 variant Gly65Val was found at higher frequency among familial prostate cancer patients (8 of 164, 4.9%) than in controls (13 of 809, 1.6%; OR, 3.14; 95% CI, 1.28-7.70, P=0.016). However, after adjusting for multiple testing, none of these results were still significant. No association was found with any of the variants and colorectal cancer risk. Our results suggest that Trp149Stop is not a predisposition allele in breast, prostate, or colorectal cancer in the Finnish population, and, while the Gly65Val variant may increase familial prostate cancer risk and the Cys148Arg change may affect both breast and prostate cancer risk, the evidence is not strong in these data.
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