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- Björnsson, Björn Thrandur, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Growth hormone endocrinology of salmonids: regulatory mechanisms and mode of action
- 2002
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Ingår i: FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY. - 0920-1742. ; 27:3-4, s. 227-242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The focus of this review is on the regulatory mechanisms and the mode of action of GH in salmonids. To stimulate further research, it aims at highlighting areas where numerous important breakthroughs have recently been made, as well as where data are currently lacking. The regulation of GH secretion is under complex hypothalamic control, as well as under negative feedback control by GH and IGF-I. Further, the recently characterized ghrelin is a potent GH secretagogue, and may prove to be a link between feed intake and growth regulation. GH plasma profiles show indications of diurnal changes, but whether salmonids have true pulsatile GH secretion remains to be elucidated. The recent cloning and characterization of the salmon GH receptor (GHR) is a major research break-through which will give new insights into the mechanisms of GH action. It should also stimulate research into circulating GH-binding proteins (GHBPs), as they appear to be a soluble form of the GHR. The salmonid GHR sequences show evolutionary divergence from other fish species, but with a high degree of identity within the salmonid group. Radioreceptorassay studies have found GHR present in all tissues examined, which is in line with the highly pleiotropic action of GH. Data are currently scarce on the plasma dynamics of GH in salmonids, and further studies on GHR and GHBPs dynamics coupled to assessments of GH clearance rates and pathways are needed. The direct versus indirect nature of GH action remains to be clarified, but GH appears to act both locally at the target tissue level to stimulate the autocrine/paracrine action of IGF-I, as well as on the liver to increase plasma IGF-I levels. In addition, GH interacts with other hormones such as cortisol, thyroid hormones, insulin, and reproductive hormones, generating a wide range of physiological effects. GH may act both peripherally and directly at the level of the central nervous system to modify behavior, probably by altering the dopaminergic activity in the brain.
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- Borch, Kurt, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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Changing pattern of histological type, location, stage and outcome of surgical treatment of gastric carcinoma
- 2000
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Ingår i: British Journal of Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0007-1323 .- 1365-2168. ; 87:5, s. 618-626
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There are indications that some features of gastric carcinoma are changing, with a possible impact on prognosis. The aim of this study was to examine any changes in type, location, stage, resection rate, postoperative mortality rate or prognosis for patients with gastric carcinoma in a well defined population. Methods: During 1974-1991, 1161 new cases of gastric adenocarcinoma were diagnosed in Ostergotland County, Sweden. Tumour location, Lauren histological type, tumour node metastasis (TNM) stage, radicality of tumour resection and postoperative complications were recorded after histological re-evaluation of tissue specimens and examination of all patient records. Dates of death were obtained from the Swedish Central Bureau of Statistics. Time trends were studied by comparing the intervals 1974-1982 (period 1) and 1983-1991 (period 2). Results: The proportion of diffuse type of adenocarcinoma increased (from 27 to 35 per cent), while that of mixed type decreased (from 16 to 9 per cent) and that of intestinal type was unchanged. The proportion of tumours located in the proximal two-thirds of the stomach increased (from 32 to 42 per cent) and the proportion of patients with tumours in TNM stage IV decreased (from 32 to 25 per cent). Overall tumour resection rates were unchanged, although the proportion of radical total gastrectomies increased (from 36 to 50 per cent). Excluding tumours of the cardia or gastric remnant after previous ulcer surgery, the 5-year relative survival rate after radical resection increased from 25 to 36 per cent and the postoperative mortality rate decreased for both radical (from 11 to 4 per cent) and palliative (from 18 to 6 per cent) resection. Conclusion: The patterns of tumour histology, location and stage of gastric carcinoma have changed in the authors' region. These changes were paralleled by a significant improvement in survival and postoperative mortality rates.
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- Breidegard, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Raytracing in the compensation of the peripheral optics of the eye
- 2000
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Ingår i: Historielärarnas Förenings Årsskrift. - 0439-2434.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Background: Many people with a visual impairment have only peripheral vision. However, there is limited knowledge of the peripheral optics of the eye and only some measurements are available in this field. Methods: We simulated the paths of peripheral rays through the eye by means of raytracing. Five programs were compared. The OSLO raytracing software proved to be not only the best one in these circumstances but we also found it very well suited to our purpose. Remaining uncertainties are entirely due to a lack of input data about the peripheral part of the optical system of the eye. We designed compensatory optics on the basis of the test results. Results: Lenses have been manufactured in accordance with the calculations made by the program for angles of incidence of 20, 40, and 60 degrees. The lenses are high compensation astigmatic lenses. The results of perimeter examinations of changes in peripheral vision using attachment optics were inconclusive, while tests of the lenses as attachments in front of a fundus camera produced successful preliminary results. Conclusion: The next step is to test peripheral vision compensatory optics in traffic situations (driving simulator). At the same time attempts are being made to find methods and instruments for measuring the peripheral optics of the eye. Keywords: astigmatism, central scotoma, raytracing, macula degeneration, peripheral vision.
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- Gerdtham, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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The Determinants of Health in Sweden
- 2002
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Ingår i: Individual Decisions for Health. - New York : Routledge. - 9780415273930 - 0415273935 ; , s. 113-127
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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- Ivarsson, Sten, et al.
(författare)
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Birth characteristics and growth pattern in children with congenital cytomegalovirus infection.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism. - 2191-0251. ; 16:9, s. 1233-1238
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Birth characteristics and growth pattern in 76 children with congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection were compared to Swedish reference data. Infection classification was based on maternal sera during pregnancy. In 31 children the infection was primary and 31 children had reactivated (recurrent or secondary) congenital CMV infection. Infection type could not be determined in 14 children. Transient neonatal symptoms were apparent in 22 children and eight children had classical neurological CMV sequelae. Heterogeneous neurological disorders were found in 13 children. No significant differences in height, weight, and growth were found. The median follow-up time was 10 years. From 4 years old children with congenital CMV infection were taller than the reference standard. At 1 and 2 years, those children with primary congenital CMV infection were borderline shorter than reference standard, and from 4 years children with reactivated CMV infection were taller than the reference standard. In conclusion, no evidence was found verifying that congenital CMV infection causes short stature.
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- Johansson, Viktoria, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Peripherally administered growth hormone increases brain dopaminergic activity and swimming in rainbow trout
- 2004
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Ingår i: Hormones and Behavior. - : Elsevier BV. - 0018-506X. ; 46:4, s. 436-443
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is increasing evidence that growth hormone (GH) has important behavioral effects in fish, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. To investigate if peripherally administered GH influences the monoaminergic activity of the brain, and how this is correlated to behavior, juvenile rainbow trout were implanted intraperitoneally with ovine GH. Fish were either kept isolated or in groups of five. The physical activity and food intake of the isolated fish were observed after 1 and 7 days, when brains were also sampled. The content of serotonin, dopamine, and noradrenaline and their metabolites in hypothalamus, telencephalon, optic tectum, and brain stem was then analyzed. For fish kept isolated for 7 days following implant, GH increased swimming activity and the levels of the dopamine metabolite 3, 4-hydroxy-phenylacetic acid (DOPAC) were higher in all brain parts examined. In the optic tectum, the levels of the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA) were lowered by the GH treatment. One-day GH implant did not affect behavior or monoamine levels of isolated fish. In the fish kept in groups, a 7-day GH implant increased the hypothalamic levels of DOPAC, but not in the other brain parts examined, which may indicate an effect on the brain dopaminergic system from social interactions. It can be concluded that peripherally administered GH may function as a neuromodulator, affecting the dopaminergic activity of the rainbow trout brain, and this is associated with increased swimming activity. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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