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- Jørgensen, Claus, et al.
(författare)
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Transforming capabilities in offshoring processes – Longitudinal development of organisational resources and routines in four Danish offshoring enterprises
- 2015
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Ingår i: Strategic Outsourcing. - 1753-8297 .- 1753-8300. ; 8:1, s. 53 - 75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – This paper aims to focus on how organisational capabilities, enhancing the dynamiccapability perspective, evolve during a more than five-year offshoring process in four Danish small- andmedium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The strategic decision to offshore some manufacturing activitiesmeant that capabilities were ruptured and had to be rebuilt.Design/methodology/approach – The empirical investigation took the form of qualitative casestudies with a longitudinal orientation focussing in on a few events in the four cases (strategic changein the sourcing configuration) as a process research design (Pettigrew, 1990; Van de Ven, 2007).Interviews were transcribed and coded in NVivo.Findings – The four cases followed distinct trajectories, but they all changed their routines regardinghow to handle knowledge, including both technology and human resources. A need for specific humanresources acting as boundary spanners arose, transforming both intra- and inter-organisationalpractices in all four cases. More complex activities were moved offshore to enhance the dynamiccapabilities of the companies regarding both product development as well as specific processes, therebytransforming/reconfiguring the organisational capabilities of the companies. However, in the twosmall-sized cases, more complex/less routinised activities were backsourced, demonstrating asignificant problem over time with the development of sufficient organisational resources to maintainseizing and sensing capabilities within these companies in comparison with the two other medium-sizedcases.Research limitations/implications – The fact that most of the data were generated from aninside-out perspective, taking the point of departure in the core firms, can be viewed as a limitation. Theauthors’ data on the wider network are also limited. Finally, the authors’ interviews are conductedrelatively infrequently when considering the length of the process.Practical implications – The four longitudinal cases show that the longer-term offshoring journeydoes not involve a single path or a single best practice. The cases show captive as well as outsourcingarrangements and even enterprise transformations. The cases demonstrate a common focus on findingand nurturing core suppliers and core business processes, which can be characterised as continuallearning and development of organising capabilities.Originality/value – The study contributes to the growing body of research into dynamic(organisational) capabilities in an offshoring and SME context.
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- Jørgensen, Mette Rose, et al.
(författare)
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Lactobacillus reuteri supplements do not affect salivary IgA or cytokine levels in healthy subjects : A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled, cross-over trial
- 2016
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Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 74:5, s. 399-404
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To evaluate the effect of daily ingestion of probiotic lactobacilli on the levels of secretory IgA (sIgA) and selected cytokines in whole saliva of healthy young adults. Materials and methods: The study group consisted of 47 healthy adults (18-32 years) who volunteered for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial after informed consent. During intervention, the subjects ingested two lozenges per day containing two strains of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri (DSM 17938 and ATCC PTA 5289) or placebo lozenges. The intervention and wash-out periods were 3 weeks. Saliva samples were collected at baseline, immediately after each intervention period and 3 weeks post-intervention. ELISA was used to measure sIgA and luminex technology was used to measure the interleukins (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10. For statistical analyses a mixed ANOVA model was employed to calculate changes in the salivary outcome variables Results: Forty-one subjects completed the study and reported a good compliance. No significant differences in the concentrations of salivary sIgA or cytokines were recorded between the L. reuteri and placebo interventions or between baseline and 3 weeks post-intervention levels. No side- or adverse effects were reported Conclusions: Supplementation with two strains of the probiotic L. reuteri did not affect sIgA or cytokine levels in whole saliva in healthy young adults. The results thereby indicate that daily oral supplementation with L. reuteri do not seem to modulate the salivary oral immune response in healthy young subjects
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