| 1. |
- Brunhoff, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Holarctic phylogeography of the root vole (Microtus oeconomus): implications for late Quaternary biogeography of high latitudes
- 2003
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Ingår i: Molecular Ecology. - 0962-1083. ; 12:4, s. 957-968
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A species-wide phylogeographical study of the root vole (Microtus oeconomus ) was performed using the whole 1140 base pair mitochondrial (mt) cytochrome b gene. We examined 83 specimens from 52 localities resulting in 65 unique haplotypes. Our results demonstrate that the root vole is divided into four main mtDNA phylogenetic lineages that seem to have largely allopatric distributions. Net divergence estimates (2.0-3.5%) between phylogroups, as well as relatively high nucleotide diversity estimates within phylogroups, indicate that the distinct phylogeographical structure was initiated by historical events that predated the latest glaciation. European root voles are divided into a Northern and a Central mtDNA phylogroup. The mtDNA data in concert with fossil records imply that root voles remained north of the classical refugial areas in southern Europe during the last glacial period. The currently fragmented populations in central Europe belong to a single mtDNA phylogroup. The Central Asian and the North European lineages are separated by the Ural Mountains, a phylogeographical split also found in collared lemmings (Dicrostonyx ) and the common vole (M. arvalis ). The Beringian lineage occurs from eastern Russia through Alaska to northwestern Canada. This distribution is congruent with the traditional boundaries of the Beringian refugium and with phylogeographical work on other organisms. In conclusion, similarities between the phylogeographical patterns in the root vole and other rodents, such as Arctic and subarctic lemmings, as well as more temperate vole species, indicate that late Quaternary geological and climatic events played a strong role in structuring northern biotic communities.
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| 2. |
- Fedorov, VB, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogeography of lemmings (Lemmus): no evidence for postglacial colonization of Arctic from the Beringian refugium
- 2003
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Ingår i: Molecular Ecology. - 0962-1083. ; 12:3, s. 725-731
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Beringia is considered as an important glacial refugium that served as the main source for colonization of formerly glaciated Arctic regions. To obtain high resolution views of Arctic refugial history, we examined mitochondrial cytochrome b phylogeography in the northern genus of rodents, Lemmus ( true lemmings), sampled across its circumpolar distribution. Strong phylogeographical structure suggests vicariant separation over several glacial-interglacial periods and does not provide evidence supporting the importance of Beringia for extensive colonization of formerly glaciated regions. Rather than a source of postglacial colonization, Beringia represents an area of intraspecific endemism previously undetected by biogeographical analysis. Existing phylogeographical structure suggests that vicariant separation by glacial barriers was an important factor generating genetic divergence and, thus, increasing genetic diversity in lemmings on continental and circumpolar scales. However, there is little evidence for the direct effect of the last glaciation on the level of genetic variation and allele genealogy in lemmings on a regional geographical scale. This finding implies that the population genetic models of postglacial colonization suggested for temperate taxa might have limited applicability for Arctic species.
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| 3. |
- Haynes, S, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogeography of the common vole (Microtus arvalis) with particular emphasis on the colonization of the Orkney archipelago
- 2003
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Ingår i: Molecular Ecology. - 0962-1083. ; 12:4, s. 951-956
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate the human introduction of the common vole Microtus arvalis onto the Orkney islands, the complete cytochrome b gene was sequenced in 41 specimens from both Orkney (four localities) and elsewhere in their range (26 localities). Orkney voles belonged to the same phylogenetic lineage, 'Western', as individuals from France and Spain indicating southwestern Europe as the most likely source area for the islands. This result is of interest with respect to the movement and trading links of the Neolithic people who likely transported the voles. As well as the Western lineage, our phylogenetic trees revealed three other purely European lineages: the 'Italian' (single specimen from N. Italy), the 'Central' (Germany, Netherlands, Denmark) and the 'Eastern' (Hungary, Slovakia, Poland, Ukraine, Finland, European Russia). Individuals from European Russia, W. Siberia, Georgia, Ukraine and Armenia formed a fifth distinct lineage coinciding with the distribution of the 'obscurus' chromosomal form of M. arvalis . These phylogeographical data suggest that M. arvalis occupied multiple refugia during the last glaciation.
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| 4. |
- Jaarola, Maarit, et al.
(författare)
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A highly divergent mitochondrial DNA lineage of Microtus agrestis in southern Europe
- 2004
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Ingår i: Heredity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1365-2540 .- 0018-067X. ; 92:3, s. 228-234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Mediterranean peninsulas constitute important areas for endemism and intraspecific variation, and are likely places for cryptic biodiversity. We assessed the phylogeographic pattern of field voles ( Microtus agrestis) in southern and central Europe by sequence analysis of a 385-bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene in 74 specimens from 44 localities. The majority of samples consisted of skulls collected from owl pellets. The data revealed a highly distinct cytochrome b lineage in an area ranging from Portugal to Hungary. This southern field vole phylogroup differed by a sequence divergence of 5.6 - 7.1% from the remaining haplotypes, a level of divergence comparable to that found between known Microtus sibling species. However, this ancient phylogeographic break that dates back many glacial cycles has not been recognised previously by either morphology or karyotype. The southern cytochrome b lineage was further divided into two well-defined sublineages that appear to have derived from different glacial refugia in the Iberian Peninsula.
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| 5. |
- Jaarola, Maarit, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular phylogeny of the speciose vole genus Microtus (Arvicolinae, Rodentia) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences
- 2004
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Ingår i: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-9513 .- 1055-7903. ; 33:3, s. 647-663
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Voles of the genus Microtus represent one of the most speciose mammalian genera in the Holarctic. We established a molecular phylogeny for Microtus to resolve contentious issues of systematic relationships and evolutionary history in this genus. A total of 81 specimens representing ten Microtus species endemic to Europe as well as eight Eurasian, six Asian and one Holarctic species were sequenced for the entire cytochrome b gene (1140 bp). A further 25 sequences were retrieved from GenBank, providing data on an additional 23, mainly Nearctic, Microtus species. Phylogenetic analysis of these 48 species generated four well-supported monophyletic lineages. The genus Chionomys, snow voles, formed a distinct and well-supported lineage separate from the genus Microtus. The subgenus Microtus formed the strongest supported lineage with two sublineage displaying a close relationship between the arvalis species group (common voles) and the socialis species group (social voles). Monophyly of the Palearctic pitymyid voles, subgenus Terricola, was supported, and this subgenus was also subdivided into two monophyletic species groups. Together, these groupings clarify long-standing taxonomic uncertainties in Microtus. In addition, the "Asian" and the Nearctic lineages reported previously were identified although the latter group was not supported. However, relationships among the main Microtus branches were not resolved. suggesting a rapid and potentially Simultaneous radiation of a widespread ancestor early in the history of the genus. This and subsequent radiations discernible in the cytochrome b phylogeny, show the considerable potential of Microtus for analysis of historical and ecological determinants of speciation in small mammals. It is evident that speciation is an ongoing process in the genus and that the molecular data provides a vital insight into current species limits as well as cladogenic events of the past. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Jaarola, Maarit, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogeography of field voles (Microtus agrestis) in Eurasia inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences
- 2002
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Ingår i: Molecular Ecology. - 0962-1083. ; 11:12, s. 2613-2621
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a distribution-wide phylogeographic survey of the field vole (Microtus agrestis), 75 specimens from 56 localities across Eurasia were examined for DNA sequence variation along the whole 1140 base pair (bp) mitochondrial (mt) cytochrome b gene. The species is subdivided into three main mtDNA phylogeographic groups - western, eastern and southern - with largely allopatric distributions. The western phylogeographical group is found in west and central Europe and spread most probably from a glacial refugium in the Carpathians. The eastern group covers a large range from Lithuania to central Asia, and probably originated from a southeast European source (e.g. the southern Urals or the Caucasus). The southern group occupies an area from Portugal to Hungary, with division into two distinct mtDNA sublineages that presumably derive from separate glacial refugia in the Iberian Peninsula. Molecular clock estimates suggest that the western and eastern field vole populations separated during the last glaciation, whereas the southern population dates back 0.5-0.9 Myr. High levels of mtDNA variation indicate relatively large population sizes and subdivisions within phylogeographic groups during the last glaciation. We report a possible new suture zone in east Europe.
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