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| 2. |
- Nowaczyk, Sławomir, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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An Architecture for Resource Bounded Agents
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Multiconference on Computer Science and Information Technology. - Katowice : PTI Press. - 1896-7094. ; 2, s. 59-69
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study agents situated in partially observable environments, who do not have sufficient resources to create conformant (complete) plans. Instead, they create plans which are conditional and partial, execute or simulate them, and learn from experience to evaluate their quality. Our agents employ an incomplete symbolic deduction system based on Active Logic and Situation Calculus for reasoning about actions and their consequences. An Inductive Logic Programming algorithm generalises observations and deduced knowledge so that the agents can choose the best plan for execution. We describe an architecture which allows ideas and solutions from several subfields of Artificial Intelligence to be joined together in a controlled and manageable way. In our opinion, no situated agent can achieve true rationality without using at least logical reasoning and learning. In practice, it is clear that pure logic is not able to cope with all the requirements put on reasoning, thus more domain- specific solutions, like planners, are also necessary. Finally, any realistic agent needs a reactive module to meet demands of dynamic environments. Our architecture is designed in such a way that those three elements interact in order to complement each other’s weaknesses and reinforce each other’s strengths.
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| 3. |
- Wollmer, M Axel., et al.
(författare)
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Association study of cholesterol-related genes in Alzheimer's disease
- 2007
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Ingår i: Neurogenetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1364-6745 .- 1364-6753. ; 8:3, s. 179-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a genetically complex disorder, and several genes related to cholesterol metabolism have been reported to contribute to AD risk. To identify further AD susceptibility genes, we have screened genes that map to chromosomal regions with high logarithm of the odds scores for AD in full genome scans and are related to cholesterol metabolism. In a European screening sample of 115 sporadic AD patients and 191 healthy control subjects, we analyzed single nucleotide polymorphisms in 28 cholesterol-related genes for association with AD. The genes HMGCS2, FDPS, RAFTLIN, ACAD8, NPC2, and ABCG1 were associated with AD at a significance level of P ≤ 0.05 in this sample. Replication trials in five independent European samples detected associations of variants within HMGCS2, FDPS, NPC2, or ABCG1 with AD in some samples (P = 0.05 to P = 0.005). We did not identify a marker that was significantly associated with AD in the pooled sample (n = 2864). Stratification of this sample revealed an APOE-dependent association of HMGCS2 with AD (P = 0.004). We conclude that genetic variants investigated in this study may be associated with a moderate modification of the risk for AD in some samples.
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| 4. |
- Cesaro, Simone, et al.
(författare)
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Cidofovir for BK Virus-Associated Hemorrhagic Cystitis: A Retrospective Study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Clinical Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1537-6591 .- 1058-4838. ; 49:2, s. 233-240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. BK virus-associated hemorrhagic cystitis (BKV-HC) is a severe complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), but antiviral treatment for this condition has not been evaluated. Methods. We conducted a retrospective survey on the safety and outcome of cidofovir treatment for patients with BKV-HC in centers affiliated with the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Results. From 1 April 2004 to 31 December 2007, 62 patients received a diagnosis of BKV-HC after a median interval of 35 days after HSCT (range, 3-577 days). Fifty-seven patients (92%) received intravenous cidofovir, whereas 5 patients received cidofovir intravesically. Complete response (CR) was recorded in 38 (67%) of 57 patients with HC treated with intravenous cidofovir, whereas partial response (PR) was documented in 7 patients (12%). CR was documented in 3 patients and PR in 1 patient with HC treated with intravesical cidofovir. A reduction of 1-3 logs in BKV load was documented in 8 of the 10 patients achieving CR. Mild-to-moderate toxic effects were recorded in 18 of 57 patients who received intravenous cidofovir administration. In a multivariate analysis, the factors significantly associated with response to cidofovir were the stem cell source (Pp. 01) and the use of total body irradiation (P = .03). After a median follow-up of 287 days, overall survival and total treatment-related mortality rates were 63% and 40% for patients achieving CR, compared with 14% and 72% for patients with PR or no response to cidofovir, respectively (P < .001 and P = .001, respectively). Conclusions. Cidofovir may be a potentially effective therapy for BKV-HC, but evidence supporting its use requires randomized controlled trials.
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- Cibere, Jolanda, et al.
(författare)
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Association of Biomarkers With Pre-Radiographically Defined and Radiographically Defined Knee Osteoarthritis in a Population-Based Study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Arthritis and Rheumatism. - : Wiley. - 1529-0131 .- 0004-3591. ; 60:5, s. 1372-1380
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To evaluate 10 biomarkers in magnetic resonance imaging (M RI)-determined, pre-radiographically defined osteoarthritis (pre-ROA) and radiographically defined OA (ROA) in a population-based cohort of subjects with symptomatic knee pain. Methods. Two hundred one white subjects with knee pain, ages 40-79 years, were classified into OA subgroups according to MRI-based cartilage (MRC) scores (range 0-4) and Kellgren/Lawrence (K/L) grades of radiographic severity (range 0-4): no OA (MRC score 0, K/L grade <2), pre-ROA (MRC score > 1, K/L grade <2), or ROA (MRC score >= 1, K/L grade >= 2). Urine and serum samples were assessed for levels of the following biomarkers: urinary biomarkers C-telopeptide of type II collagen (uCTX-II), type II and types I and II collagen cleavage neoepitopes (uC2C and uC1,2C, respectively), and N-telopeptide of type I collagen, and serum biomarkers sC1,2C, sC2C, C-propeptide of type II procollagen (sCPII), chondroitin sulfate 846 epitope, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, and hyaluronic acid. Multicategory logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association of OA subgroup with individual biomarker levels and biomarker ratios, adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index. Results. The risk of ROA versus no OA increased with increasing levels of uCTX-II (odds ratio [OR] 3.12, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.35-7.21), uC2C (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.04-4.37), and uC1,2C (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.06-4.04), and was reduced in association with high levels of sCPII (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.30-0.94). The risk of pre-ROA versus no OA increased with increasing levels of uC2C (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.05-4.01) and uC1,2C (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.12-3.77). The ratios of type II collagen degradation markers to collagen synthesis markers were better than individual biomarkers at differentiating the OA subgroups, e.g., the ratio of [uCTX-II] [uC1,2C] to sCPII was associated with a risk of ROA versus no OA of 3.47 (95% CI 1.34-9.03) and a risk of pre-ROA versus no OA of 2.56 (95% CI 1.03-6.40). Conclusion. Different cartilage degradation markers are associated with pre-ROA than are associated with ROA, indicating that their use as diagnostic markers depends on the stage of OA. Biomarker ratios contrasting cartilage degradation with cartilage synthesis are better able to differentiate OA stages compared with levels of the individual markers.
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| 7. |
- Gumbel, Jörg, et al.
(författare)
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Retrieval of global mesospheric sodium densities from the Odin satellite
- 2007
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Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - 0094-8276 .- 1944-8007. ; 34:L04813
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Satellite observations of the Na D dayglow at 589 nm provide a global database for the climatology of the mesospheric sodium layer. More than five years of Na D limb observations are available from the Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imager System onboard the Odin satellite. We describe a robust retrieval method that provides individual sodium density profiles with a typical accuracy of 20% and altitude resolution of 2 km. Retrieved column abundances and density profiles are validated against sodium resonance lidar measurements at mid- latitudes. Examples of the seasonal and latitudinal variation of the sodium layer illustrate Odin's potential for climatological studies of mesospheric metals.
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| 8. |
- Okroj, Marcin, et al.
(författare)
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A novel mechanism of action of the fumagillin analog, TNP-470, in the B16F10 murine melanoma cell line
- 2005
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Ingår i: Anti-Cancer Drugs. - 0959-4973. ; 16:8, s. 817-823
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- TNP-470, a semisynthetic derivative of fumagillin, is an acknowledged angiogenesis inhibitor, presently undergoing clinical trials. It exerts an anti-proliferative effect directed against endothelial cells. This effect is known to be based on cell cycle inhibition effected by the p53/p21 pathway. We observed short-term toxicity of TNP-470 in the B16F10 murine melanoma cell line in vitro and investigated the mechanism of action. Cell death occurred as soon as 2 h after the addition of TNP-470, without typical apoptotic features. The toxic effect could be modulated and it depended on the type of culture medium or supplementation with anti-oxidants. Addition of N-acetylcysteine protected B16F10 cells from TNP-470-induced death and inhibited an increase in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are detected by the 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate probe. We conclude that TNP-470 can induce intracellular generation of ROS, which act toxically inside B16F10 cells. One may suggest that this novel activity of TNP-470 might be beneficial in some cases, but it could also be responsible for some undesirable side-effects. The possibility of its modulation gives a prospect for controlling the action of this potential drug and probably its derivatives.
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| 9. |
- Rudnicki, Witold R., et al.
(författare)
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A Statistical Method for Determining Importance of Variables in an Information System
- 2006
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Computer Science: Rough Sets and Current Trends in Computing. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 0302-9743. ; 4259/2006
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new method for estimation of attributes’ importance for supervised classification, based on the random forest approach, is presented. Essentially, an iterative scheme is applied, with each step consisting of several runs of the random forest program. Each run is performed on a suitably modified data set: values of each attribute found unimportant at earlier steps are randomly permuted between objects. At each step, apparent importance of an attribute is calculated and the attribute is declared unimportant if its importance is not uniformly better than that of the attributes earlier found unimportant. The procedure is repeated until only attributes scoring better than the randomized ones are retained. Statistical significance of the results so obtained is verified. This method has been applied to 12 data sets of biological origin. The method was shown to be more reliable than that based on standard application of a random forest to assess attributes’ importance.
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