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| 2. |
- Bengtsson, Marcus, et al.
(author)
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Technical Design of Condition Based Maintenance Systems - A Case Study Using Sound Analysis and Case-Based Reasoning
- 2004
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Productivity is a key weapon for manufacturing companies to stay competitive in a continuous growing global market. Increased productivity can be achieved through increased availability. This has directed focus on different maintenance types and maintenance strategies. Increased availability through efficient maintenance can be achieved through less corrective maintenance actions and more accurate preventive maintenance intervals. Condition Based Maintenance (CBM) is a technology that strives to identify incipient faults before they become critical which enables more accurate planning of the preventive maintenance. CBM can be achieved by utilizing complex technical systems or by humans manually monitoring the condition by using their experience, normally a mixture of both is used. Although CBM holds a lot of benefits compared to other maintenance types it is not yet commonly utilized in industry. One reason for this might be that the maturity level in complex technical CBM system is too low. This paper will acknowledge this possible reason, although not trying to resolve it, but focusing on system technology with component strategy and an open approach to condition parameters as the objective is fulfilled. This paper will theoretically discuss the technical components of a complete CBM system approach and by a case study illustrate how a CBM system for industrial robot fault detection/diagnosis can be designed using the Artificial Intelligence method Case-Based Reasoning and sound analysis.
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| 3. |
- Jackson, Craig M, et al.
(author)
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A critical evaluation of the prothrombin time for monitoring oral anticoagulant therapy
- 2003
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In: Pathophysiology of Haemostasis and Thrombosis. - : S. Karger AG. - 1424-8832 .- 1424-8840. ; 33:1, s. 43-51
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Quick prothrombin time is the most common clotting test performed, principally for monitoring oral anticoagulant therapy. The International Normalized Ratio (INR) for comparing patient results from prothrombin time measurements and the International Standardized Index (ISI) for achieving greater consistency of results using different thromboplastins have made it possible to compare the results of vitamin K antagonist drug therapy that was impossible before the introduction of the INR and ISI. However, INR values obtained from the same patient plasma sample using different thromboplastins are significantly different. This is so even when the thromboplastins have nearly the same ISI values. We suggest that investigation of patient-specific differences can provide a means by which the INR discrepancies can be identified and understood and thus lead to better methods for monitoring oral anticoagulant therapy.
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| 4. |
- Jayson, Gordon, et al.
(author)
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Molecular imaging and biological evaluation of HuMV833 anti-VEGF antibody : Implications for trial design of antiangiogenic antibodies
- 2002
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In: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 94:19, s. 1484-1493
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent angiogenic cytokine, and various inhibitory agents, including specific antibodies, have been developed to block VEGF-stimulated angiogenesis. We developed HuMV833, a humanized version of a mouse monoclonal anti-VEGF antibody (MV833) that has antitumor activity against a number of human tumor xenografts, and investigated the distribution and biologic effects of HuMV833 in patients in a phase I trial. Methods: Twenty patients with progressive solid tumors were treated with various doses of HuMV833 0.3, 1, 3, or 10 mg/kg). Positron emission tomography with 124I-HuMV833 was used to measure the antibody distribution in and clearance from tissues. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure the vascular permeability surface area product with a first-pass pharmacokinetic model (Kfp) to determine tumor vascular permeability. Results: The antibody was generally well tolerated, although the incremental dose, phase I study design, and pharmacodynamic end-points could not identify the optimum biologically active dose. Antibody distribution and clearance were markedly heterogeneous between and within patients and between and within individual tumor. HuMV833 distribution to normal tissues also varied among patients, but the antibody was cleared from these tissues in a homogeneous fashion. Permeability was strongly heterogeneous between and within patients and between and within individual tumors. All tumors showed a reduction in kfp 48 hours after the first treatment (median = 44%, range = 4%-91%). Conclusions: Because of the heterogeneity in tumor biology with respect to anti-body uptake and clearance, we suggest that either intrapatient dose escalation approaches or larger, more precisely defined patient cohorts would be preferable to conventional strategies in the design of phase I studies with anitiangiogenic compounds like HuMV833.
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| 5. |
- Jönsson, Bengt, et al.
(author)
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Economics of drug treatment
- 2002
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In: The Lancet (British edition). - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 359:9309, s. 892-893
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 6. |
- Olsson, Erik, et al.
(author)
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Fault Diagnosis of Industrial Robots using Acoustic Signals and Case-Based Reasoning
- 2004
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In: Case-Based Reasoning. ECCBR 2004. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 3155. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. ; , s. 686-701
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In industrial manufacturing rigorous testing is used to ensure that the delivered products meet their specifications. Mechanical maladjustment or faults often show their presence as deviations compared to a normal sound pro-file. This is the case in robot assembly, the selected application domain for the system. Manual diagnosis based on sound requires extensive experience, and the experience is often acquired through costly mistakes and reduced production efficiency or quality loss caused by missed faults. The acquired experience is also difficult to preserve and transfer, and often lost if personnel leave the task of testing and fault diagnosis. We propose a Case-Based Reasoning approach to collect and preserve experience. The solution enables fast experience transfer and leads to less experienced personnel required to make more reliable and informed testing. Sounds from normal and faulty equipment are recorded and stored in a case library together with a diagnosis. Addition of new validated sound profiles continuously improves the system’s performance. The system can preserve and transfer experience between technicians, reducing overall fault identification time and increases quality by reduced number of missed faults. The original sound recordings are stored in form of the extracted features to-gether with other experience, e.g. instructions, additional tests, advice, user feedback etc.
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| 7. |
- Visscher, Peter M., et al.
(author)
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Genetic survival analysis of age-at-onset of bipolar disorder : evidence for anticipation or cohort effect in families
- 2001
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In: Psychiatric Genetics. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0955-8829 .- 1473-5873. ; 11:3, s. 129-137
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Age-at-onset (AAO) in a number of extended families ascertained for bipolar disorder was analysed using survival analysis techniques, fitting proportional hazards models to estimate the fixed effects of sex, year of birth, and generation, and a random polygenic genetic effect. Data comprised the AAO (for 171 affecteds) or age when last seen (ALS) for 327 unaffecteds, on 498 individuals in 27 families. ALS was treated as the censored time in the statistical analyses. The majority of individuals classified as affected were diagnosed with bipolar I and II (n = 103) or recurrent major depressive disorder (n = 68). In addition to the significant effects of sex and year of birth, a fitted ‘generation’ effect was highly significant, which could be interpreted as evidence for an anticipation effect. The risk of developing bipolar or unipolar disorder increased twofold with each generation descended from the oldest founder. However, although information from both affected and unaffected individuals was used to estimate the relative risk of subsequent generations, it is possible that the results are biased because of the ‘Penrose effect’. Females had a twofold increased risk in developing depressive disorder relative to males. The risk of developing bipolar or unipolar disorder increased by approximately 4% per year of birth. A polygenic component of variance was estimated, resulting in a ‘heritability’ of AAO of approximately 0.52. In a family showing strong evidence of linkage to chromosome 4p (family 22), the ‘affected haplotype’ increased the relative risk of being affected by a factor of 46. In this family, there was strong evidence of a time trend in the AAO. When either year of birth or generation was fitted in the model, these effects were highly significant, but neither was significant in the presence of the other. For this family, there was no increase in trinucleotide repeats measured by the repeat expansion detection method in affected individuals compared with control subjects. Proportional hazard models appear appropriate to analyse AAO data, and the methodology will be extended to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for AAO.
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